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. 2026 Jan 19;16:2401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-31729-0

Table 21.

A comparison of the Multiple disk clutch brake design using different algorithms.

Algorithm Optimal set of decision variables Optimal cost
Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic
PSO 70.0115 90.0115 1.0000 827.6266 2.0000 0.23528
GWO 69.9948 90.0004 1.0000 752.2048 2.0000 0.23531
GJO 69.9871 90.0000 1.0000 814.5706 2.0001 0.23538
SO 69.9887 90.0000 1.0000 817.7628 2.0000 0.23536
SCSO 69.6014 90.0000 1.0000 635.6428 2.0000 0.23932
AVOA 70.0005 90.0006 1.0000 718.5205 2.0000 0.23525
CMAES 69.9293 90.6051 1.0000 728.3340 2.0000 0.24391
SHADE 70.0000 90.0000 1.0000 792.8992 2.0000 0.23524
BKA 69.3333 90.0000 1.0000 688.5030 2.0000 0.24161
CBKA 69.8253 90.0000 1.0000 631.5354 2.0000 0.23704
IBKA 69.6655 90.0000 1.0000 684.2314 2.0000 0.23844
QOBLBKA 68.7627 90.0020 1.0014 701.0887 2.0006 0.24763
AMOMM-BKA 70.0005 90.0005 1.0000 791.3692 2.0000 0.23524