Table 1. Patient characteristics. Summary statistics are number (percentage) except where indicated.
| Cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Primary or pre-vaccination | Post-vaccination | Post-COVID diagnosis | |
| All | 17 986 419 | 13 401 208 | 3 507 738 | |
| Mean (SD) age, years | 49.72 (18.69) | 53.45 (18.40) | 44.55 (17.26) | |
| Age, years | 18–39 | 6 163 161 (34.27) | 3 433 136 (25.62) | 1 508 578 (43.01) |
| 40–59 | 6 143 985 (34.16) | 4 732 533 (35.31) | 1 340 894 (38.23) | |
| 60–79 | 4 513 280 (25.09) | 4 162 621 (31.06) | 515 422 (14.69) | |
| 80–105 | 1 165 993 (6.48) | 1 072 918 (8.01) | 142 844 (4.07) | |
| Sex | Female | 8 971 008 (49.88) | 6 451 356 (48.14) | 1 601 255 (45.65) |
| Male | 9 015 411 (50.12) | 6 949 852 (51.86) | 1 906 483 (54.35) | |
| BMI | Not obese | 13 826 227 (76.87) | 9 964 252 (74.35) | 2 617 431 (74.62) |
| Obese i (30–34.9) | 2 602 204 (14.47) | 2 128 044 (15.88) | 528 931 (15.08) | |
| Obese ii (35–39.9) | 988 672 (5.50) | 819 465 (6.11) | 221 223 (6.31) | |
| Obese iii (≥40) | 569 316 (3.17) | 489 447 (3.65) | 140 153 (4.00) | |
| Ethnicity | White | 11 321 107 (62.94) | 9 100 727 (67.91) | 2 290 746 (65.31) |
| Asian or Asian British | 1 056 550 (5.87) | 678 284 (5.06) | 228 256 (6.51) | |
| Black or Black British | 345 940 (1.92) | 183 283 (1.37) | 67 597 (1.93) | |
| Chinese or other ethnic group | 277 598 (1.54) | 135 311 (1.01) | 33 780 (0.96) | |
| Mixed | 175 525 (0.98) | 98 685 (0.74) | 37 618 (1.07) | |
| Missing | 4 809 699 (26.74) | 3 204 918 (23.92) | 849 741 (24.22) | |
| Region | East | 4 152 253 (23.09) | 3 137 907 (23.42) | 779 917 (22.23) |
| East Midlands | 3 116 231 (17.33) | 2 358 504 (17.60) | 641 785 (18.30) | |
| London | 1 190 596 (6.62) | 643 154 (4.80) | 195 859 (5.58) | |
| North East | 864 297 (4.81) | 647 350 (4.83) | 202 114 (5.76) | |
| North West | 1 608 661 (8.94) | 1 235 875 (9.22) | 374 128 (10.67) | |
| South East | 1 214 019 (6.75) | 920 943 (6.87) | 201 174 (5.74) | |
| South West | 2 502 709 (13.91) | 2 047 734 (15.28) | 398 249 (11.35) | |
| West Midlands | 728 973 (4.05) | 475 426 (3.55) | 153 392 (4.37) | |
| Yorkshire and the Humber | 2 608 680 (14.50) | 1 934 315 (14.43) | 561 120 (16.00) | |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation | 1 (most deprived) | 3 419 935 (19.01) | 2 175 145 (16.23) | 721 264 (20.56) |
| 2 | 3 504 610 (19.48) | 2 450 814 (18.29) | 695 034 (19.81) | |
| 3 | 3 761 299 (20.91) | 2 843 309 (21.22) | 699 051 (19.93) | |
| 4 | 3 666 169 (20.38) | 2 900 059 (21.64) | 683 882 (19.50) | |
| 5 (least deprived) | 3 335 820 (18.55) | 2 755 089 (20.56) | 624 221 (17.80) | |
| 0 (missing) | 298 586 (1.66) | 276 792 (2.07) | 84 286 (2.40) | |
| Smoking status | Never smoker | 8 257 661 (45.91) | 6 221 555 (46.43) | 1 681 507 (47.94) |
| Current smoker | 3 043 874 (16.92) | 1 945 883 (14.52) | 508 586 (14.5) | |
| Ever smoker | 5 940 033 (33.03) | 4 753 679 (35.47) | 1 125 675 (32.09) | |
| Missing | 744 851 (4.14) | 480 091 (3.58) | 191 970 (5.47) | |
| GP–patient interaction | 0 | 4 887 100 (27.17) | 2 874 697 (21.45) | 787 607 (22.45) |
| 1–3 | 4 481 433 (24.92) | 3 535 283 (26.38) | 970 395 (27.66) | |
| 4–8 | 2 364 870 (13.15) | 1 887 389 (14.08) | 467 316 (13.32) | |
| 9–12 | 4 517 010 (25.11) | 3 682 594 (27.48) | 935 897 (26.68) | |
| ≥13 | 1 736 006 (9.65) | 1 421 245 (10.61) | 346 523 (9.88) | |
| History of disease diagnosis | Asthma | 3 039 981 (16.90) | 2 366 051 (17.66) | 693 139 (19.76) |
| Cancer | 898 197 (4.99) | 830 573 (6.20) | 131 263 (3.74) | |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 1 216 263 (6.76) | 1 083 971 (8.09) | 188 628 (5.38) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 25 440 (0.14) | 21 285 (0.16) | 8085 (0.23) | |
| Chronic liver disease | 104 376 (0.58) | 90 055 (0.67) | 18 422 (0.53) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 597 757 (3.32) | 526 800 (3.93) | 94 218 (2.69) | |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 734 352 (4.08) | 643 188 (4.80) | 111 337 (3.17) | |
| Dementia | 42 978 (0.24) | 31 376 (0.23) | 12 182 (0.35) | |
| Diabetes | 1 827 304 (10.16) | 1 678 045 (12.52) | 322 903 (9.21) | |
| Dysplenia | 25 815 (0.14) | 22 137 (0.17) | 4316 (0.12) | |
| Hematological cancer | 104 655 (0.58) | 95 011 (0.71) | 19 085 (0.54) | |
| Heart failure | 315 575 (1.75) | 292 006 (2.18) | 56 106 (1.60) | |
| Hypertension | 3 845 579 (21.38) | 3 409 919 (25.44) | 563 055 (16.05) | |
| Mental health | 3 677 686 (20.45) | 2 946 356 (21.99) | 784 619 (22.37) | |
| Organ transplant | 20 848 (0.12) | 17 921 (0.13) | 5732 (0.16) | |
| Other immunosuppressive condition | 90 212 (0.50) | 78 650 (0.59) | 20 283 (0.58) | |
| Other neurological disease | 178 921 (0.99) | 153 470 (1.15) | 32 107 (0.92) | |
| Pre-pandemic post-viral fatigue | 33 616 (0.19) | 28 482 (0.21) | 5912 (0.17) | |
| Psoriasis | 697 571 (3.88) | 575 811 (4.30) | 143 676 (4.10) | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 183 330 (1.02) | 165 080 (1.23) | 32 030 (0.91) | |
| Systematic lupus erythematosus | 30 177 (0.17) | 25 819 (0.19) | 5495 (0.16) | |
| Stroke | 381 038 (2.12) | 339 592 (2.53) | 62 944 (1.79) | |
BMI = body mass index. SD = standard deviation