Table 2.
Data collection.
| Survey name | Measured constructs and validity |
| Medical history (laboratory visit 1) | A total of 25 forced response (yes or no) questions listing general medical problems, conditions, or behaviors. Five questions had follow-up prompts (eg, smoking, when did you quit smoking?). |
| Current medications (laboratory visit 1) | A total of 20 forced response (yes or no) questions with a follow-up prompt and an open text box when there was a “yes” reply. |
| Neighborhood Factors Questionnaire (laboratory visit 1) | A total of 7 subscales of walkability, aesthetic quality, safety, violence, availability of healthy foods, social cohesion, and activities with neighbors as factors associated with physical activity [24]. |
| Groningen Sleep Quality Scale (laboratory visit 1) | A total of 15 true or false questions about sleep quality (eg, I slept well last night) [25]. |
| Mini MASQa (laboratory visit 1) | A total of 26 Likert scale questions about perceptions [26,27]. |
| IPAQb (laboratory visit 1) | A total of 27 questions about physical activity duration and intensity enable the calculation of the metabolic equivalent of task-minutes as a measure of physical activity volume [28]. |
| Everyday Discrimination Scale–Everyday Experiences Source (laboratory visit 1) | This brief survey consists of 10 Likert scale questions that identify the frequency of perceived discrimination (eg, never to almost every day) as an indicator of stress and an increased risk for MetSc. The following prompt identified the potential reason they thought this occurred (gender, body image, etc) [29]. |
| Home toolkits | The toolkits contain a commercial Fitbit smartwatch (Fitbit Inc) and a custom-built air quality sensor. |
| EMAd | EMA involves the repeated sampling of the participants’ behaviors and experiences in real-time in natural environments. EMAs aim to minimize recall bias and maximize ecological validity. Once the toolkits are deployed, EMAs are sent via mobile phones to confirm study compliance and to document whether any unusual circumstances occurred. Participants receive a comprehensive set of surveys during the first days of data collection and an EMA on Days 3, 6, 9, and 12 for a total of 4 EMAs [30]. |
aMASQ: Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire.
bIPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
cMetS: metabolic syndrome.
dEMA: Ecological Momentary Assessment.