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. 2026 Jan 8;12:1708810. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1708810

Table 1.

Patient and disease characteristics.

Characteristics Total CAR p-value CFA p-value mGPS p-value
Low-CAR
(<0.387)
High-CAR
(≥0.387)
Low-CFA
(<0.396)
High-CFA
(≥0.396)
mGPS0 mGPS1 mGPS2
Number of patients, n (%) 74 42 (56.8%) 32 (43.2%) 34 (45.9%) 40 (54.1%) 38 (51.4%) 15 (20.3%) 21 (28.4%)
Age (years), n (%) 0.090 0.230 0.275
<35 46 (62.2%) 30 (71.4%) 16 (50%) 24 (70.6%) 22 (55.0%) 27 (71.1%) 8 (53.3%) 11 (52.4%)
≥35 28 (37.8%) 12 (28.6%) 16 (50%) 10 (29.4%) 18 (45.0%) 11 (28.9%) 7 (46.7%) 10 (47.6%)
Gender, n (%) 0.194 0.190 0.118
Male 54 (73.0%) 28 (66.7%) 26 (81.3%) 22 (64.7%) 32 (80.0%) 25 (65.8%) 14 (93.3%) 15 (71.4%)
Female 20 (27.0%) 14 (33.3%) 6 (18.8%) 12 (35.3%) 8 (20.0%) 13 (34.2%) 1 (6.7%) 6 (28.6%)
WBC (109/L), n (%) 0.005 0.004 0.017
WBC < 100 52 (70.3%) 24 (57.1%) 28 (87.5%) 18 (52.9%) 34 (85.0%) 21 (55.3%) 13 (86.7%) 18 (85.7%)
WBC ≥ 100 22 (29.7%) 18 (42.9%) 4 (12.5%) 16 (47.1%) 6 (15.0%) 17 (44.7%) 2 (13.3%) 3 (14.3%)
HGB (g/L), median (range) 94 (48–173) 111 (48–173) 80 (50–162) 0.070 99 (48–173) 89 (50–162) 0.262 111 (48–173) 96 (52–146) 81 (50–162) 0.259
PLT (109/L), median (range) 62 (4–382) 54 (7–382) 67.5 (4–296) 0.462 70 (7–382) 61.5 (4–296) 0.925 60 (7–382) 64 (8–152) 61 (4–296) 0.905
CRP (mg/L), median (range) 7.10 (0.24–102) 3.23 (0.24–14.88) 33.09 (10.99–102) <0.001 2.55 (0.24–7.06) 22.48 (4.58–102) <0.001 3.02 (0.24–7.10) 18.90 (13.09–78.6) 33.68 (10.99–102) <0.001
ALB (g/L), median (range) 36.5 (25.0–45.5) 37.5 (27.8–45.5) 32.8 (25.0–44.6) 0.004 37.5 (27.8–45.5) 33.85 (25.0–44.6) 0.006 37.5 (27.8–45.5) 39.0 (35.0–44.6) 31.2 (25.0–34.7) <0.001
Fib (g/L), median (range) 2.58 (0.60–6.79) 2.11 (0.73–5.80) 2.90 (0.60–6.79) 0.025 2.02 (0.73–5.80) 2.94 (0.60–6.79) <0.001 2.03 (0.73–5.80) 3.14 (0.60–6.32) 2.79 (1.64–6.79) 0.009
BMI (kg/m2), median (range) 23.2 (14.5–33.7) 23.0 (14.5–32.0) 23.4 (18.3–33.7) 0.464 22.3 (14.5–32.0) 23.4 (17.5–33.7) 0.259 23.0 (14.5–32.0) 23.5 (18.7–29.1) 23.3 (18.3–33.7) 0.573
Immunophenotype, n (%) 0.254 0.080 0.181
ETP-ALL 14 (18.9%) 6 (14.3%) 8 (25.0%) 4 (11.8%) 10 (25.0%) 5 (13.2%) 6 (40.0%) 3 (14.3%)
Pro/Pre-T-ALL 32 (43.2%) 16 (38.1%) 16 (50%) 12 (35.3%) 20 (50.0%) 14 (36.8%) 5 (33.3%) 13 (61.9%)
Cortical/Medullary T-ALL 14 (18.9%) 10 (23.8%) 4 (12.5%) 8 (23.5%) 6 (15.0%) 9 (23.7%) 2 (13.3%) 3 (14.3%)
Unclassified 14 (18.9%) 10 (23.8%) 4 (12.5%) 10 (29.4%) 4 (10.0%) 10 (26.3%) 2 (13.3%) 2 (9.5%)
Genetics1, (%)
NOTCH1 30/61 (49.2%) 17/36 (47.2%) 13/25 (52.0%) 0.797 15/30 (50.0%) 15/31 (48.4%) 1.000 16/33 (48.5%) 7/13 (53.8%) 7/15 (46.7%) 1.000
FBWX7 8/61 (13.1%) 5/36 (13.9%) 3/25 (12.0%) 1.000 4/30 (13.3%) 4/31 (12.9%) 1.000 5/33 (15.2%) 1/13 (7.7%) 2/15 (13.3%) 0.886
RAS 14/61 (23.0%) 6/36 (16.7%) 8/25 (32.0%) 0.219 6/30 (20.0%) 8/31 (25.8%) 0.762 6/33 (18.2%) 4/13 (30.8%) 4/15 (26.7%) 0.606
PTEN 9/61 (14.8%) 7/36 (19.4%) 2/25 (8.0%) 0.286 6/30 (20%) 3/31 (9.7%) 0.301 7/33 (21.2%) 0/13 (0%) 2/15 (13.3%) 0.238
Temperature ≥38.5 °C pre-IC, n (%) 15 (20.3%) 6 (14.3%) 9 (28.1%) 0.120 5 (14.7%) 10 (25.0%) 0.211 5 (13.2%) 4 (26.7%) 6 (28.6%) 0.258
Anti-infective therapy pre-IC, n (%) 50 (67.6%) 26 (61.9%) 24 (75.0%) 0.317 21 (61.8%) 29 (72.5%) 0.455 23 (60.5%) 12 (80.0%) 15 (71.4%) 0.389
HSCT2, n (%) 24/63 (38.1%) 17/42 (40.5%) 7/21 (33.3%) 0.784 17/34 (50.0%) 7/29 (24.1%) 0.042 17/38 (44.7%) 4/12 (33.3%) 3/13 (23.1%) 0.365
CR/CRi attainment at EOI, n (%) 49 (66.2%) 36 (85.7%) 13 (40.6%) <0.001 31 (91.2%) 18 (45.0%) <0.001 34 (89.5%) 7 (46.7%) 8 (38.1%) <0.001
MRD < 0.1% at EOI, n (%) 30 (40.5%) 24 (57.1%) 6 (18.8%) <0.001 20 (58.8%) 10 (25.0%) 0.004 23 (60.5%) 4 (26.7%) 3 (14.3%) <0.001
Relapse3, n (%) 26/63 (41.4%) 17/42 (40.5%) 9/21 (42.9%) 1.000 13/34 (38.3%) 13/29 (44.8%) 0.618 14/38 (36.8%) 5/12 (41.7%) 7/13 (53.8%) 0.592
Follow-up (months), median (range) 48.2 (0.58–130.4) 48.2 (7.1–130.4) 49.0 (0.58–127.7) 0.777 42.8 (7.1–120.1) 50.1 (0.58–130.4) 0.199 48.2 (7.1–130.4) 27.6 (0.58–74.9) 49.0 (1.1–127.7) 0.185

1Genetic mutation results were available for 61 of the 74 patients.

2Data on patients undergoing HSCT among the 63 achieving CR.

3Data from relapsed patients among 63 CR cases.

CAR, C-reactive protein to albumin ratio; CFA, CRP×fibrinogen/albumin ratio; mGPS, modified glasgow prognostic score; HGB, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet; CRP, C-reactive protein; ALB, albumin; Fib, fibrinogen; BMI, body mass index; ETP, early thymic precursor; IC, induction chemotherapy; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; CR, complete remission; CRi, CR with incomplete hematologic recovery; MRD, minimal residual disease; EOI, end-of-induction.