Table 2.
Summary of previous studies on CAR, CFA, and mGPS in solid and hematologic malignancies.
| Index | Cancer type | Key findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAR (C-reactive protein to Albumin Ratio) |
Head and neck cancer | Elevated CAR was associated with poor OS and DMFS. | (51–55) |
| Lung cancer | Elevated CAR was correlated with poor survival. | (56, 57) | |
| Breast cancer | Elevated CAR was an independent predictor of poor DFS and CSS. | (58) | |
| Esophageal cancer | High pre-treatment CAR was an adverse prognostic factor for esophageal cancer. | (33, 59–61) | |
| Gastric cancer | High CAR was associated with shorter survival time. | (62–65) | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | High preoperative CAR was associated with poorer OS and DFS. | (66, 67) | |
| Biliary tract cancer | Elevated preoperative CAR predicted poor OS, independent of cutoff value, sample size, histology, or treatment. | (68) | |
| Pancreatic cancer | A higher CAR value was an independent and significant predictor of poor overall survival in patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection. | (69–71) | |
| Colorectal cancer | High pre-treatment CAR was associated with poor OS and DFS in colorectal cancer. | (72–75) | |
| Urological cancer | High pre-treatment CAR was a predictor of poor survival in urinary cancers. | (76, 77) | |
| Gynecological cancer | High pre-treatment CAR was associated with poor OS, PFS, DFS and advanced-stage disease in gynecologic cancers. | (78–80) | |
| Lymphoma | High CAR at diagnosis was associated with poorer survival outcomes. | (22–24) | |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | High pre-induction chemotherapy CAR was independently associated with lower CR rates and poorer OS. | (13, 25) | |
| CFA (CRP × fibrinogen/albumin ratio) |
Acute myeloid leukemia | High CFA ratio was associated with poor OS. | (11, 43) |
| mGPS (modified glasgow prognostic score) |
Head and neck cancer | High mGPS was associated with poorer PFS, OS and DFS. | (28) |
| Lung cancer | High mGPS significantly impaired DCR, median PFS, and median OS. | (29, 30) | |
| Esophageal cancer | Elevated preoperative mGPS was significantly associated with worse OS. | (31–33) | |
| Gastric cancer | High mGPS level was significantly correlated with poor OS. | (34, 35) | |
| Pancreatic cancer | High mGPS level was significantly correlated with poor OS. | (36, 37) | |
| Colorectal cancer | mGPS is an effective prognostic indicator for OS and CSS in colorectal cancer. | (38) | |
| Urological cancer | High mGPS was associated with shorter survival time. | (39–42) | |
| Gynecological cancer | High mGPS was correlated with poor survival outcomes in gynecologic cancers. | (26, 27) | |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | High mGPS was associated with adverse outcomes in newly diagnosed AML. | (43) |
OS, overall survival; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; DFS, disease-free survival; CSS, cancer-specific survival; PFS, progression-free survival; CR, complete remission; DCR, disease control rate; AML, acute myeloid leukemia.