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. 2026 Jan 21;35(2):36. doi: 10.1007/s10646-025-03020-5

Table 2.

Mean and standard deviation of Imidacloprid concentrations (ng/g of spleen) for otter collected from minor watersheds in North Dakota, USA from 2017 to 2020. “LOD” is limit of detection. N refers to the number of otters collected in each watershed

Minor Watershed Mean Imidacloprid Concentration (ng/g of spleen) SD Imidacloprid Concentration N
Elm River < LOD 0.00 5
Devils Lake 0.91 1.42 6
Forest River 1.80 1.74 5
Goose River 0.98 1.48 9
James River < LOD . 1
Maple River 1.04 1.34 10
Park River 2.99 2.23 7
Pembina River < LOD 0.00 6
Red River < LOD 0.00 12
Sheyenne River 1.75 1.86 24
Souris River < LOD 0.00 2
Turtle River 0.68 1.51 5
Wild Rice River 2.06 1.74 8