Table 2.

Extracted themes and sub-themes from included studies on socio-cultural factors affecting TB control.

Main themes	Sub-themes	Authors
Health literacy	Limited TB knowledge	Gele et al. (14); Gibson et al. (15); Khan et al. (16); Gerrish et al. (17); Karim et al. (18); Taiwo & Adewuyi (19)
	Awareness and prevention	McArthur et al. (20); Khan et al. (16); Karim et al. (18); Taiwo & Adewuyi (19)
	Health literacy barriers	Atre et al. (21); Shiotani & Hennink (22)
Cultural beliefs	Stigma	Atre et al. (21); Gibson et al. (15); Somma et al. (23); Shiotani & Hennink (22); Tabong (24)
	Traditional beliefs and practices	Gele et al. (14); Ndeti (25); Taiwo & Adewuyi (19); Tabong (24)
	Gendered barriers	Atre et al. (21); McArthur et al. (20); Shiotani & Hennink (22); Somma et al. (23)
Socioeconomic factors	Financial constraints	Khan et al. (16); Shiotani & Hennink (22)
	Household and environmental factors	Gosoniu et al. (26); Karim et al. (18)
	Social and economic exclusion	Khan et al. (16); Gerrish et al. (17); Maske et al. (27)
Healthcare accessibility	Barriers to care	Gele et al. (14); McArthur et al. (20); Khan et al. (16)
	Language and communication	Gibson et al. (15); Gerrish et al. (17)
Cultural practices	Social participation	Respati & Sufrie (28)