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. 2025 Dec 12;16:2661. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32493-x

Table 1.

The concentrations of REEs, Ca, Mg, Fe, and al in the soil solution with Ce and Y treatments in the high clay and low clay soils at plant harvest. Values represent the mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). Columns followed by different letters are significantly different at 5% level according to the least significant difference post hoc test.

Ce dose Ce Ca Mg Fe Al
mg kg− 1 µg L− 1 ------------------------------------------ mg L− 1-------------------------------
High clay soil
0 (control) 0.63 ± 0.03 e 115 ± 26.1 ab 24.4 ± 6.11 c 0.07 ± 0.03 d 0.38 ± 0.01 bc
25 4.09 ± 0.80 d 84.7 ± 11.7 b 17.7 ± 3.09 c 0.19 ± 0.08 cd 0.48 ± 0.06 bc
50 12.1 ± 6.41 d 90.6 ± 24.8 b 24.7 ± 7.09 c 0.06 ± 0.01 d 0.51 ± 0.15 bc
100 93.1 ± 57.9 c 141 ± 54.0 ab 31.5 ± 9.60 bc 0.11 ± 0.03 cd 0.33 ± 0.01 c
Low clay soil
0 (control) 0.58 ± 0.55 e 126 ± 62.6 ab 18.7 ± 8.02 c 0.15 ± 0.12 cd 1.31 ± 0.03 b
25 756 ± 625 b 148 ± 47.6 ab 66.2 ± 38.3 ab 0.68 ± 0.45 b 4.71 ± 2.57 a
50 3020 ± 1900 a 176 ± 69.5 a 74.5 ± 20.8 a 1.98 ± 0.01 a 7.70 ± 4.30 a
100 4820 ± 3960 a 168 ± 100 ab 84.5 ± 45.9 a 0.45 ± 0.29 bc 6.27 ± 4.20 a
Y dose Y Ca Mg Fe Al
mg kg− 1 µg L− 1 ------------------------------------------ mg L− 1-------------------------------
High clay soil
0 (control) 0.75 ± 0.16 e 115 ± 26.1 bc 24.4 ± 6.11 de 0.07 ± 0.03 d 0.38 ± 0.01 c
25 8.50 ± 2.70 d 101 ± 29.1 c 26.8 ± 4.78 cde 0.12 ± 0.05 cd 0.44 ± 0.07 c
50 84.2 ± 20.9 c 185 ± 57.3 ab 47.5 ± 9.34 bc 0.31 ± 0.22 bcd 0.65 ± 0.13 c
100 211 ± 152 c 194 ± 73.6 ab 46.3 ± 17.7 bcd 0.16 ± 0.12 cd 0.37 ± 0.01 c
Low clay soil
0 (control) 0.81 ± 0.60 e 126 ± 62.6 bc 18.7 ± 8.02 e 0.15 ± 0.12 cd 1.31 ± 0.03 c
25 1700 ± 1190 b 177 ± 47.1 ab 62.8 ± 27.5 b 0.38 ± 0.13 bc 5.96 ± 4.50 b
50 3050 ± 1820 b 225 ± 66.7 a 73.2 ± 5.97 b 0.49 ± 0.31 b 6.36 ± 0.75 ab
100 16,200 ± 12,200 a 254 ± 37.6 a 190 ± 86.7 a 1.16 ± 0.51 a 12.2 ± 8.31 a