Table 1.
Ingredients and chemical composition of the fermented substrates (dry matter basis).
| Items | CON | 0.20% | 0.40% | 0.60% | 0.80% | 1.00% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingredients (%) | ||||||
| Ground corn | 30.2 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 30.5 | 30.6 | 30.7 |
| Steam-flaked corn | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Cottonseed meal | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
| Soybean meal | 12 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 11 |
| Beet pulp | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5 |
| Chinese wildrye | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 |
| Corn silage | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 |
| DDGSa | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
| Small peptide | 0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1 |
| NaCl | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Premixb | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Chemical composition (%) | ||||||
| DM | 51.2 | 51.2 | 51.2 | 51.2 | 51.2 | 51.2 |
| NEmf (MJ/kg)c | 7.26 | 7.26 | 7.26 | 7.26 | 7.26 | 7.26 |
| EE | 4.56 | 4.56 | 4.56 | 4.56 | 4.56 | 4.56 |
| CP | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.1 |
| RDPd | 10.76 | 10.85 | 10.94 | 11.03 | 11.12 | 11.21 |
| ADF | 18.6 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 18.6 |
| NDF | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 |
| Starch | 30.8 | 30.8 | 30.8 | 30.8 | 30.8 | 30.8 |
| Ca | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 |
| P | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
a
DDGS, distillers dried grains with solubles.
b
The components contained in the premix were as follows: Fe, 1,400 mg; Cu, 1,200 mg; Mn, 2,400 mg; Zn, 5,500 mg; Se, 40 mg; Co, 30 mg; I, 90 mg; VA, 900,000 IU; VD, 700,000 IU; and VE, 9,000 IU.
c
NEmf = {322LBW0.75 + [(2092 + 25.1 × LBW) × ADG/(1–0.3 × ADG)]} × F. Where, LBW, live body weight; ADG, average daily gain; F, correction coefficient.
d
RDP was calculated using the equation: RDP = A + B[Kd/(Kd+Kp)]. Where, A = non-protein nitrogen and soluble proteins, B = potentially degradable proteins, Kd = rumen digestibility of B, and Kp = velocity of circulation in the rumen.