TABLE 1. Age-adjusted participant characteristics according to quintile (Q) of trans fatty acid intake1.
| Q1 (n = 164) | Q2 (n = 165) | Q3 (n = 165) | Q4 (n = 164) | Q5 (n = 165) | Overall (n = 823) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trans Fatty acid intake | ||||||
| (% of fat)2 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 4.7 |
| (g/d)2 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 2.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2)3 | 23.8 | 24.1 | 24.9 | 24.8 | 25.0 | 24.6 |
| Smoking (%) | ||||||
| Never | 49 | 57 | 51 | 46 | 55 | 52 |
| Past | 34 | 26 | 31 | 33 | 25 | 30 |
| Current, 1–14 cigarettes/d | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 8 |
| Current, ≥ 15 cigarettes/d | 8 | 11 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 10 |
| Hypertension (%) | 9 | 11 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 11 |
| Physical activity (MET/wk)2 | 29 | 22 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 20 |
| Aspirin, >2 d/wk (%) | 17 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 18 |
| NSAIDs, >2 d/wk (%) | 18 | 16 | 22 | 27 | 23 | 21 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 212 | 206 | 211 | 205 | 212 | 209 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118 | 115 | 123 | 118 | 122 | 119 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)2 | 70 | 66 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 65 |
| LDL:HDL ratio3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 |
| Triacylglycerols (mg/dL) | 96 | 105 | 105 | 107 | 108 | 103 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dL) | 20 | 19 | 21 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
| Intakes | ||||||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1730 | 1800 | 1836 | 1849 | 1858 | 1812 |
| Alcohol (g/d)3 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 10 |
| Carbohydrates (g/d)4 | 209 | 208 | 211 | 210 | 216 | 211 |
| Protein (g/d)2 | 79 | 80 | 76 | 77 | 74 | 77 |
| Saturated fat (g/d) | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| n–6 Fatty acids (g/d) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| n–3 Fatty acids (g/d)2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Fiber (g/d)2 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 19 |
1
Values for continuous variables are means. MET, metabolic equivalents; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
2
P for trend < 0.001.
3
P for trend < 0.01.
4
P for trend < 0.05.