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Synchrotron-based UPS spectra acquired at an excitation energy of 36.2 eV: (a) valence band structures throughout the oxidation process; the inset shows an enlarged view of the region near the Fermi level; (b) comparison between experimental results and the corresponding fits obtained using the model described by eq ; (c) spectra of each growth stage using successive differences method; and (d) difference spectra between the overlayers at different stages and the bulk NiO (7200s) phase.
