Table 2.
The association between race/ethnicity and risk of incident type 2 diabetes (n = 711,985)*
| Race/ethnicity | Women, n | Person- years | Women with incident diabetes, n | IR/1,000 person-years | BMI at baseline (kg/m2), mean ± SD | Model 1, HR (95% CI) | Model 2, HR (95% CI) | Model 3, HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 363,319 | 13,627,841 | 15,261 | 1.1 | 26.3 ± 4.9 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Chinese | 288,328 | 6,118,740 | 1,281 | 0.2$ | 23.7 ± 3.4 | 1.27 (0.98–1.63) | 1.43 (1.11–1.85) | 2.77 (2.14–3.58) |
| Japanese | 46,226 | 713,285 | 873 | 1.2 | 21.8 ± 3.0 | 0.99 (0.67–1.47) | 1.13 (0.75–1.69) | 2.29 (1.53–3.45) |
| South/Southeast Asian | 4,670 | 161,450 | 546 | 3.4 | 26.8 ± 4.7 | 3.49 (3.20–3.81) | 3.96 (3.63–4.33) | 4.13 (3.78–4.51) |
| Black | 5,997 | 193,417 | 660 | 3.4 | 30.1 ± 6.0 | 3.75 (3.44–4.09) | 3.80 (3.49–4.15) | 2.61 (2.40–2.85) |
| Mixed/other | 3,445 | 112,292 | 285 | 2.5 | 27.1 ± 5.2 | 2.28 (2.02–2.58) | 2.33 (2.07–2.63) | 2.05 (1.81–2.31) |
IR, incidence rate.
Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the incidence of type 2 diabetes, with study as a random effect. Model 1: Adjusted for baseline age. Model 2: Adjusted for baseline age, birth year, education level, and smoking status. Model 3: Adjusted for baseline age, birth year, education level, smoking status, and BMI.
*Women with type 2 diabetes at baseline (n = 18,423) were excluded. $The China Biobank provided only baseline data and limited follow-up for 5% of participants. The low incidence rate among Chinese women was attributed to the short follow-up duration in a subcohort, which was accounted for in the Cox regression model.