Table 4.

Subgroup analysis based on lesion location, size, and morphology⁴

	OR	CI lower	CI higher	P value
Diagnostic inaccuracy vs. biospy method
Head	0.438	0.158	1.209	0.140
Uncinate process	0.878	0.312	2.469	1.00
Neck	1.721	0.298	9.937	0.685
Body	0.543	0.151	1.954	0.530
Tail	2.791	0.721	10.801	0.215
Exophytic and backward growth morphology	0.154	0.048	0.493	0.001
Non-exophytic and backward growth morphology	1.616	0.847	3.083	0.151
Tumor size < 2 cm	0.719	0.277	1.871	0.631
Tumor size ≧ 2 cm	0.900	0.487	1.664	0.757
Repeat biopsy vs. biospy method
Head	0.564	0.179	1.780	0.397
Uncinate process	0.611	0.175	2.139	0.549
Neck	1.429	0.319	6.396	0.724
Body	0.644	0.173	2.402	0.744
Tail	4.108	0.452	37.330	0.370
Exophytic and backward growth morphology	0.312	0.111	0.879	0.029
Non-exophytic and backward growth morphology	1.485	0.679	3.249	0.334
Tumor size < 2 cm	0.435	0.146	1.302	0.192
Tumor size ≧ 2 cm	1.133	0.555	2.313	0.856

^4.EUS: endoscopic ultrasound, US: ultrasound, PSM: propensity score matching, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.

The bold values in Table 4 indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05). They are highlighted to emphasize the findings that met our predefined threshold for significance.