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. 2026 Jan 23;34(2):119. doi: 10.1007/s00520-026-10361-2

Table 3.

Results of the univariate repeated measures models from outcome measures

Breast Cancer Healthy Group Group*Time
Baseline Post Baseline Post
HGS 21.45 ± 4.70 25.16 ± 4.04 22.82 ± 4.41 26.02 ± 4.82  < 0.001 0.781
STS_30 12.95 ± 2.32 21.21 ± 3.12 13.63 ± 3.48 22.53 ± 5.12  < 0.001 0.605
QuickDash-Sp 21.65 ± 18.44 6.34 ± 7.21 9.21 ± 8.35 1.79 ± 3.08  < 0.001 0.041
Pipper scale, 3.07 ± 2.16 1.35 ± 1.21 0.88 ± 01.26 0.26 ± 0.45  < 0.001 0.050
   Behaviour 2.19 ± 2.16 0.99 ± 1.17 0.38 ± 0.57 0.12 ± 0.21 0.008 0.067
   Affective 3.37 ± 2.40 1.78 ± 1.36 0.89 ± 1.35 0.30 ± 0.60 0.004 0.135
   Sensory 3.57 ± 2.44 1.43 ± 1.53 1.16 ± 1.85 0.39 ± 0.69  < 0.001 0.039
   Cognitive 3.46 ± 2.08 1.41 ± 1.21 1.24 ± 1.78 0.27 ± 0.53  < 0.001 0.082
WHOQOL-BREF
   Physical 62.18 ± 9.11 71.46 ± 9.54 60.61 ± 11.06 78.14 ± 13.55  < 0.001 0.048
   Psicological 65.41 ± 9.74 72.81 ± 9.66 67.98 ± 9.73 74.34 ± 14.05  < 0.001 0.659
   Social 59.40 ± 19.12 73.87 ± 14.99 67.98 ± 12.81 76.46 ± 9.37  < 0.001 0.133
   Environment 70.75 ± 10.70 77.67 ± 10.23 75.66 ± 13.48 80.26 ± 12.77  < 0.001 0.781

HGS: Hand Grip Strength; STS_30: 30-Second Sit to Stand Test; QuickDASH: Shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire; PIPER score: Piper Fatigue Scale; WHOQOL-BREF: WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF questionnaire