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. 2026 Jan 9;7:1702378. doi: 10.3389/frph.2025.1702378

Table 4.

Level of knowledge.

Authors, years/country Purpose Design Population Sample size Level of knowledge
Ahmed et al. (55) To study the knowledge, attitude, and practice of preconception care among women with rheumatic heart disease in reproductive age Cross-sectional survey (facility) Reproductive-age women aged 15–45 years 100 11%
Sudan
Aiyejina (47) To assess knowledge and use of folic acid among female students of reproductive age Cross-sectional survey Female students of reproductive age 418 Poor knowledge—66.3%
Nigeria
Good knowledge, 33.7%
Akinajo et al. (46) To determine the level of awareness, knowledge, and practice of PCC and to identify factors influencing the uptake and utilization of this care among women Cross-sectional survey Pregnant women 50 71.1%
Nigeria
Ayalew et al. (61) To assess women's knowledge and associated factors in preconception care Cross-sectional survey (community) Women 422 31.8%
Ethiopia
Boakye-Yiadom et al. (49) To assess the awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women attending ANC Cross-sectional survey Women aged 16–40 years 200 42.5% = had poor knowledge
Ghana 34% = moderate knowledge
23.5% = high knowledge on PCC.
Al-Darzi et al. (43) To measure the level of knowledge about the periconceptional use of folic acid among pregnant women Cross-sectional survey (observational) Pregnant women aged 18–45 years 660 12.0%
Egypt
Demisse et al. (50) To assess the preconception care utilization and determine factors that influence the uptake Cross-sectional survey (community) Reproductive-age women 410 17.3% = good knowledge
Ethiopia
Edalia (37) To determine the level of knowledge on preconception among women at the reproductive health clinic Cross-sectional survey Reproductive-age women aged 15–49 years 224 42%
Kenya
Ekem (39) To assess the level of awareness and utilization of PCC services. Cross-sectional survey Pregnant women 450 31.7% = had good knowledge
Nigeria
Fekene et al. (51) To identify the level of women's knowledge, uptake, and associated factors of PCC Cross-sectional survey (community) Reproductive-age women 669 26.8% = had a good knowledge
Ethiopia
73.2% = had inadequate knowledge
Fikadu et al. (44) To assess knowledge of preconception health, its relation to planned pregnancy, parity, family planning use, and education among married women Cross-sectional survey (community) Married women 337 55.2%
Ethiopia
Gamshe and Demissie (56) To identify perinatal factors affecting knowledge and utilization of preconception care among pregnant women Cross-sectional survey Pregnant women 331 68.6% = have good knowledge
Ethiopia
31.4% = had poor knowledge
Kachiro et al. (41) To assess the awareness and perception of preconception care among women Cross-sectional survey Women 177 44.1%
Nigeria
Kassa and Yohannes (59) To assess the level of knowledge and associated factors toward preconception care among mothers who gave birth Cross-sectional survey (Facility) Pregnant women 580 20% = had good knowledge
Ethiopia
80% = poor knowledge
Khonje et al.(52) To explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women on preconception care Cross-sectional survey Pregnant women 767 84% = no idea about PCC
Malawi
Demeke et al. (58) To assess knowledge and attitude toward preconception care and associated factors among women of reproductive age with chronic disease Cross-sectional survey Reproductive-age women 844 55.6% = had good knowledge
Ethiopia
Lemma et al. (53) To assess knowledge of PCC and the associated factors among reproductive-age women Cross-sectional survey (community) Reproductive-age women 414 17.1% = had good knowledge of PCC
Ethiopia
82.9% = poor knowledge
Msigwa (36) To assess the knowledge and practice of preconception care among women attending reproductive health clinics Cross-sectional survey Reproductive-age women aged 17–49 years 424 70% had good knowledge of PCC
Tanzania
Olowokere et al. (45) To determine the level of awareness and knowledge of preconception care Cross-sectional survey Women 375 65.3% = good knowledge
Nigeria
34.1% = poor knowledge
Tesema et al. (42) To assess knowledge of preconception healthcare and associated factors: a study among mothers Cross-sectional survey (community) Reproductive-age women 522 51.1%.
Ethiopia
Teshome et al. (60) to assess the level of knowledge of PCC and associated factors among pregnant women Cross-sectional survey (community) Pregnant women 623 21.3% = had good knowledge of PCC.
Ethiopia
Yohannes et al. (57) To assess the levels and correlates of knowledge and attitude of preconception care among mothers who gave birth at public hospitals Cross-sectional survey (facility) Women 370 53% = had good knowledge
Ethiopia