Table 5.
Risk factors influence the awareness and knowledge of preconception care among women in Africa.
| Theme | Specific risk factor | Authors |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic factors | Young adult | (36, 39, 41, 48, 54) |
| Young and middle-aged adults | (61) | |
| Having a tertiary education | (39–41, 45, 49) | |
| Having a primary, secondary education and above | (35, 42, 44, 51, 54, 57, 58, 61) | |
| Spouse having secondary education and above | (59, 60) | |
| Being in primary school | (55) | |
| Being a Hausa | (38) | |
| Being a Muslim | (49) | |
| Living in an urban area | (39, 59) | |
| Being a civil servant | (41) | |
| Working as an NGO employee | (51) | |
| Being a market trade vendor | (44) | |
| Working as a daily laborer | (53) | |
| Being a housewife | (42) | |
| Married | (54) | |
| Being a self-employed | (54) | |
| Being unemployed | (38) | |
| Economic factors | Middle income | (35, 48, 53, 59) |
| Not having financial support. | (36) | |
| Obstetric factors | Gravidity ≤2 | (43) |
| Gravidity > 2 | (53) | |
| Parity between 2 and 3 | (41) | |
| Parity > 2 | (44) | |
| Parity (1) | (58) | |
| Previous adverse pregnancy outcome | (48) | |
| Having a history of neonatal death | (42, 53) | |
| Miscarriages | (55) | |
| Having a history of congenital abnormality | (53) | |
| Having a lesion | (55) | |
| Having a history of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension | (59) | |
| Having a pre-existing illness | (60) | |
| Impact of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) on pregnancy | (55) | |
| Having a duration of disease ≥ 5 years | (58) | |
| Having a history of perinatal complications | (56) | |
| Having a history previous infant with macrosomia | (59) | |
| Having a health problem | (35) | |
| Reproductive health factors | Previous/History of family planning use | (35, 42, 44, 48, 51, 61) |
| Uses of FP | (55) | |
| Having a history of contraceptive use | (53) | |
| Planned pregnancy | (44, 60) | |
| Believe in benefit of PCC | (55) | |
| Being counseled against pregnancy | (55) | |
| Maternal health factors | Having attended at least one ANC visit | (59) |
| Delivery in a health facility | (39) | |
| Attended PNC for the previous delivery | (56) | |
| Utilized PNC service | (51) | |
| Childhood and pregnancy as a time of diagnosis | (55) | |
| Health system factors | Time to reach health facility ≥34 min (on foot) | (53) |
| Having delivered in a health institution | (51) |