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. 2026 Jan 13;36:e2601001. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2601.01001

Fig. 2. Dose-dependent skin ECM supplementation confirms cytocompatibility and identifies an optimal concentration based on ECM remodeling and hydration gene signatures.

Fig. 2

(A) Brightfield images of human dermal fibroblasts cultured with skin ECM supplementation at varying concentration (0, 1, 5, and 25 μg/ml) on day 2 and day 4. Scale bar = 200 μm. (B) Live/dead staining images of fibroblasts following dose-dependent skin ECM supplementation on day 2 and day 4 (Green, live; red, dead). Scale bar = 200 μm. (C) Quantification of the live cell fraction based on live/dead fluorescence images (n = 5). (D) qPCR analyses of fibroblasts treated with dose-dependent skin ECM, showing mRNA expression ELN, HAS1, and HAS2 (n = 3, *p < 0.05 and ****p < 0.0001 versus no supplement). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test.