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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jan 24.
Published before final editing as: J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2025 Dec 30:10538127251407665. doi: 10.1177/10538127251407665

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2.

Criteria for independence in each exercise/skill in the self-management program with examples for participants in the strength and flexibility exercise (SFE) group and the motor skill training (MST) group. If participants met all 3 criteria for each exercise/skill they were prescribed, they were considered independent; otherwise, they were not.