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. 2026 Jan 23;181(2):62. doi: 10.1007/s11205-025-03776-7

Table 21.

Regression of wellbeing at Wave 1 on perceived negative impact of COVID-19 on mental wellbeing

Characteristic Beta1 SE
(Intercept) 3.5*** 0.169
Negative continuing impact of pandemic on mental wellbeing
No — —
Yes -0.84*** 0.052
Gender
Male — —
Female -0.45*** 0.050
Non-Binary+ -1.1*** 0.184
Ethnicity
White — —
Mixed -0.11 0.113
Black 0.14 0.072
Asian 0.18* 0.080
Other 0.18 0.171
Parental Education -0.02 0.042
Housing Tenure -0.05 0.057
IDACI Quintile Group
1 (High Deprivation) — —
2 0.07 0.077
3 0.03 0.084
4 0.17* 0.082
5 (Low Deprivation) 0.20* 0.088
Social Provisions Scale 0.67*** 0.020
Wave 1 Survey Month
Sep 2021 — —
Oct 2021 0.02 0.057
Nov 2021 0.33* 0.160
Dec 2021 0.10 0.110
Jan 2022 0. 0.249
Feb 2022 -0.54** 0.199
Mar 2022 -0.12 0.080
Apr 2022 -0.06 0.087
N 9,307

1*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Abbreviations: CI Confidence Interval, SE Standard Error

All estimates are weighted and inference accounts for the complex survey design. Minimum residual degrees of freedom in any of the 10 imputations = 746