Flow chart of the high-fat, high-cholesterol (HCHF) dietary challenge. Baboon femoral artery biopsy samples were collected before (left femoral artery) and after (right femoral artery) the 7-wk HCHF diet challenge. During the 7-wk HCHF diet challenge, blood samples were collected from the baboons at weeks 0, 3, and 7. TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; oxLDL, oxidized LDL cholesterol.