Table 5.

Airway changes stratified by index versus secondary surgery

Characteristic	Apert (n = 14)	Crouzon (n = 18)	Pfeiffer (n = 13)	Total	p
Total airway volumetric increase (%)	134.0 (96.2–153.3)	66.3 (26.2–160.7)	127.6 (49.1–198.9)	111.0 (36.2–172.5)	0.429**
Nasal airway volumetric increase (%)	149.2 (73.8–193.7)	60.2 (24.4–224.4)	101.2 (71.2–178.4)	98.9 (34.9–195.4)	0.450**
Pharyngeal airway volumetric increase (%)	103.5 (46.9–112.7)	54.8 (38.8–114.9)	153.2 (22.5–355.6)	82.1 (31.9–148.2)	0.575**
Movement of anterior nasal spine
Magnitude (mm)	18 (14–21)	20 (15–23)	17 (9–21)	18 (14–22)	0.167**
Horizontal (mm)	1 (14–22)	20 (15–23)	17 (10–20)	19 (14–22)	0.201**
Vertical (mm)	0 (− 4–3)	2 (− 1–3)	1 (− 3–2)	1 (− 2–3)	0.384**

^*The Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric data, two tailed, p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant

^**p-values are from the Kruskal–Wallis test for non-parametric data, p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant