Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the study variables
| Variable | n | Valid %/ Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age | 427 | 26.5 (5.8) |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||
| African American | 299 | 70.0 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 53 | 12.4 |
| Hispanic | 56 | 13.1 |
| Asian | 4 | 0.9 |
| Other | 15 | 3.5 |
| Educational attainment | ||
| ≤ high school or GED | 376 | 88.1 |
| > high school or GED | 51 | 11.9 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married or cohabiting | 212 | 49.9 |
| Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed | 213 | 50.1 |
| Annual Household income | ||
| Under $25,000 | 316 | 74.4 |
| $25,000– $39,999 | 83 | 19.5 |
| $40,000– $49,999 | 15 | 3.5 |
| $50,000– $74,999 | 4 | 0.9 |
| $75,000– $99,999 | 4 | 0.9 |
| Over $100,000 | 3 | 0.7 |
| Birth order of the infant | 426 | 1.9 (1.1) |
| Adverse childhood experiences a | ||
| Emotional abuse | 66 | 15.6 |
| Physical abuse | 45 | 10.7 |
| Sexual abuse | 15 | 3.6 |
| Emotional neglect | 61 | 14.5 |
| Physical neglect | 24 | 5.7 |
| Parental separation/divorce | 251 | 59.1 |
| Intimate partner violence exposure | 34 | 8.2 |
| Household alcohol/drug abuse | 89 | 21.2 |
| Household mental illness | 42 | 10.0 |
| Household incarceration | 77 | 18.4 |
| Depressive symptoms | 426 | 1.8 (1.6) |
| Postpartum checkup a | 157 | 79.7 |
| Screening for postpartum depression a, b | 146 | 93.0 |
Note. GED = General Educational Development
an and valid percentage of participants who answered affirmatively to the items
bn and valid percentage of participants who received a postpartum checkup