Table 2.

Summary of published cases of drug therapy for HLRCC in Japan

	TNM category	Treatment	Duration of treatment (mo)	Best overall response
Iribe et al. (2021) [23]	cT3aN0M0	Nivo + Ipi	24	CR
Yonese et al. (2020)	pT3aN2M1	CN → radiation (bone mets) → Axi → Nivo → Axi → Evero → Nivo	48	PR
Tsuboi et al. (2024) [26]	cT3aN0M0	Nivo + Ipi → Cabo → Axi → Nivo	27	PR
Nohara et al. (2024) [27]	pT3aN2M1	CN → Nivo + Cabo	6	No recurrence
Present case	cT4N1M1	Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab	18	PR

ICI immunocheckpoint inhibitor, TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor, CN cytoreductive nephrectomy, Nivo nivolumab, Ipi ipilimumab, Axi axitinib, Evero everolimus, Cabo cabozantinib, CR complete response, PR partial response