Table 1.
Reports of yolk sac tumor of the colon and rectum
| No | Author | Year | Age | Sex | Location | pStage* | Metastasis | Non-YST histology | AFP (ng/mL) | AFP IHC | SALL4 | Glipican3 | Operation | Chemotherapy | NAC | Prognosis | Observation period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lankerani MR [13] | 1982 | 42 | F | S | ** | - | choriocarcinoma + teratoma | + | + | DOX + CB + MTX | - | Dead | 96 months | |||
| 2 | Yu YY [9] | 1992 | 54 | M | R | Ⅳ | liver | adenocarcinoma | 5126 | + | + | - | - | Dead | 5 days | ||
| 3 | Ostör AG [11] | 1993 | 28 | F | R | Ⅳ | liver | adenocarcinoma + choriocarcinoma | 300 | + | + | EMACO | - | Dead | 3 months | ||
| 4 | Miller KD [10] | 2000 | 23 | F | R | Ⅰ | - | 2251 × 10⁵ | + | + | - | BEP | Alive | 42 months | |||
| 5 | Petricek CM [4] | 2001 | 29 | M | T | Ⅳ | liver | adenocarcinoma + choriocarcinoma | 745,732 | + | - | - | - | Dead | 6 days | ||
| 6 | Tseng MJ [8] | 2007 | 27 | F | R | ⅡA | - | 4830**** | - | + | PE | - | Alive | 12 months | |||
| 7 | Kawahara M [7] | 2009 | 62 | M | A | Ⅳ | liver | adenocarcinoma + choriocarcinoma | 553 | + | + | 5FU | - | Dead | 4 months | ||
| 8 | Rudaitis V [12] | 2016 | 22 | F | R | Ⅳ | liver, peritoneum, greater omentum | + | + | - | BEP | Alive | 24 months | ||||
| 9 | Bansal A [16] | 2016 | 28 | F | S | Ⅳ | liver | 210 | + | + | BEP | - | Alive | 96 months | |||
| 10 | Huang Q [2] | 2018 | 29 | F | R | Ⅳ | liver | 1210 | + | + | + | - | BEP | - | Alive | 27 months | |
| 11 | Vishnoi V [15] | 2018 | 24 | M | C | ⅢA | - | 2145 | + | + | + | - | - | Alive | 3 days | ||
| 12 | Zaki MMAF [18] | 2020 | 18 | F | *** | Ⅳ | liver | adenocarcinoma | 1200 | ||||||||
| 13 | Short R [3] | 2022 | 54 | F | C | Ⅳ | retroperitoneum | + | + | BEP | - | Alive | 6 months | ||||
| 14 | Otani T [14] | 2022 | 49 | F | S | Ⅳ | ureter, lung, liver, bone, peritoneum | adenocarcinoma | 42 | + | + | + | + | TC + Bev + DOX, FOLFOXIRI + Bev, FTD/TPI+ Bev | - | Dead | 14 months |
| 15 | Muddasetty R [17] | 2024 | 34 | F | S | Ⅳ | liver | 8930**** | - | + | BEP | FOLFOX | Alive | 3 months | |||
| 16 | Our case | 2025 | 66 | M | R | ⅢB | liver | adenocarcinoma | 1**** | - | + | + | + | - | - | Alive | 7 months |
* UICC 8th, postoperative diagnosis, diagnosis at the time of biopsy if no surgery is performed
** Arising from the serosa. No other information. Difficult to stage
*** Unable to confirm
**** Postoperative serum AFP level
Abbreviations: YST, yolk sac tumor; AFP, a-fetoprotein; SALL4, Sal-like protein 4; NAC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy: S, sigmoid colon; R, rectum; T, transverse colon; A, ascending colon; C, cecum; DOX + CB + MTX, doxorubicin + chlorambucil + methotrexate; EMACO, etoposide + methotrexate + actinomycin-D + cyclophosphamide + vincristine; PE, cisplatin + etoposide; 5FU, 5-Fluorouracil; BEP, bleomycin + etoposide + cisplatin; TC, docetaxel + cyclophosphamide; Bev, bevacizumab; DOX, doxorubicin; FOLFOXIRI, fluorouracil + oxaliplatin + leucovorin + irinotecan; FTD/TPI, trifluridine/tipiracil