Table 2.

Comparison of basic characteristics, sperm parameters and hormone levels by categorical ADAM questionnaire score results (positive vs. negative)

	Negative ADAM (n = 412)	Positive ADAM (n = 291)	p-value
Age	36.9 (5.1)	38.2 (6.2)	0.011
BMI (kg/m2)			0.20
≤ 24.9	66 (32.8)	26 (23.2)
25–29.9	96 (47.8)	61 (54.5)
30 +	39 (19.4)	25 (22.3)
Missing	211	179
Alcohol consumption	261 (63)	177 (61)	0.55
Smoking	54 (13)	44 (15)	0.52
Frequency of feeling down, depressed, or hopeless in the past month			< 0.001
Not at all	106 (76.8)	37 (42.0)
Several days	28 (20.3)	38 (43.2)
More than half the days	2 (1.4)	13 (14.8)
Nearly every day	2 (1.4)	0 (0.0)
Missing	274	203
Frequency of little interest or pleasure in doing things in the past month			< 0.001
Not at all	114 (82.6)	44 (50.0)
Several days	21 (15.2)	35 (39.8)
More than half the days	2 (1.4)	8 (9.1)
Nearly every day	1 (0.7)	1 (1.1)
Missing	274	203
Semen volume (ml)	2.9 (1.4)	2.8 (1.5)	0.14
Sperm motility (%)	22.7 (11.1)	22.5 (11.8)	0.72
Sperm morphology (%)	11.2 (9.2)	13.1 (9.7)	0.008
Sperm viability (%)	65.6 (15.7)	63.9 (18.0)	0.43
Sperm concentration (M/ml)	39.7 (44.0)	44.8 (49.5)	0.22
DFI (%)	28.2 (15.7)	30.2 (19.1)	0.60
DFI category			0.34
< 30%	258 (63)	171 (59)
≥ 30%	154 (37)	120 (41)
Testosterone	14.4 (6.0)	12.9 (5.1)	0.013
Missing	168	137
FSH	5.4 (4.0)	5.8 (3.5)	0.034
Missing	166	136
LH	5.0 (2.5)	5.1 (2.4)	0.57
Missing	167	136
Prolactin	8.5 (4.2)	9.3 (5.0)	0.11
Missing	158	125
SHIM score category			< 0.001
Normal	343 (83)	147 (51)
Mild	57 (14)	91 (31)
Moderate	9 (2)	35 (12)
Moderate/severe	3 (1)	18 (6)

Data are presented as mean (SD), or as n (%).DFI, DNA fragmentation index; BMI, body mass index; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; ADAM, The Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males; SHIM, The Sexual Health Inventory for Men

Bold values represent statistical significancy - a p-value <0.05