Table 4.
Comparison of basic characteristics, sperm parameters and hormone levels by SHIM questionnaire score category
| Normal (n = 490) | Mild (n = 148) | Moderate/ severe (n = 65) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 36.9 (5.3) | 38.2 (6.4) | 39.2 (5.2) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.050 | |||
| ≤ 24.9 | 60 (29.0) | 24 (33.3) | 8 (23.5) | |
| 25–29.9 | 105 (50.7) | 39 (54.2) | 13 (38.2) | |
| 30 + | 42 (20.3) | 9 (12.5) | 13 (38.2) | |
| Missing | 283 | 76 | 31 | |
| Alcohol consumption | 325 (66.3) | 86 (58.1) | 27 (41.5) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | 61 (12.4) | 25 (16.9) | 12 (18.5) | 0.21 |
| Frequency of feeling down, depressed, or hopeless in the past month | < 0.001 | |||
| Not at all | 105 (72.4) | 26 (46.4) | 12 (48.0) | |
| Several days | 34 (23.4) | 24 (42.9) | 8 (32.0) | |
| More than half the days | 4 (2.8) | 6 (10.7) | 5 (20.0) | |
| Nearly every day | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Missing | 345 | 92 | 40 | |
| Frequency of little interest or pleasure in doing things in the past month | 0.004 | |||
| Not at all | 113 (77.9) | 34 (60.7) | 11 (44.0) | |
| Several days | 27 (18.6) | 18 (32.1) | 11 (44.0) | |
| More than half the days | 4 (2.8) | 3 (5.4) | 3 (12.0) | |
| Nearly every day | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Missing | 345 | 92 | 40 | |
| Semen volume (ml) | 2.8 (1.4) | 2.8 (1.5) | 2.8 (1.5) | 0.61 |
| Sperm motility (%) | 22.9 (11.1) | 21.8 (11.6) | 22.6 (13.1) | 0.60 |
| Sperm morphology (%) | 11.5 (9.1) | 12.5 (10.0) | 13.8 (10.8) | 0.26 |
| Sperm viability (%) | 66.3 (15.2) | 61.8 (18.7) | 61.1 (20.9) | 0.029 |
| Sperm concentration (M/ml) | 40.4 (43.5) | 43.8 (50.8) | 47.7 (56.1) | 0.71 |
| DFI (%) | 27.5 (15.0) | 32.9 (20.7) | 32.0 (21.8) | 0.087 |
| DFI category | 0.092 | |||
| < 30% | 312 (63.7) | 81 (54.7) | 36 (55.4) | |
| ≥ 30% | 178 (36.3) | 67 (45.3) | 29 (44.6) | |
| Testosterone | 14.3 (6.0) | 13.1 (5.5) | 12.4 (4.1) | 0.10 |
| Missing | 220 | 66 | 19 | |
| FSH | 5.5 (3.7) | 5.7 (4.4) | 5.5 (3.2) | 0.90 |
| Missing | 219 | 65 | 18 | |
| LH | 5.1 (2.5) | 4.7 (2.5) | 5.5 (2.4) | 0.077 |
| Missing | 220 | 65 | 18 | |
| Prolactin | 8.7 (4.7) | 9.0 (4.4) | 8.9 (4.2) | 0.64 |
| Missing | 205 | 58 | 20 | |
| ADAM positive | < 0.001 | |||
| Negative (%) | 343 (70.0) | 57 (38.5) | 12 (18.5) | |
| Positive (%) | 147 (30.0) | 91 (61.5) | 53 (81.5) |
Data are presented as mean (SD), or as n (%).DFI, DNA fragmentation index; BMI, body mass index; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; ADAM, The Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males; SHIM, The Sexual Health Inventory for Men
Bold values represent statistical significancy - a p-value <0.05