Table 1.
Data extracted from selected studies. Aim, methodology, and findings are described for each of the studies, together with their corresponding NHLBI-NIH score
| Author(s), date, country | Study aim | Species/sample type | Experimental groups | Supplement/intervention used | Gene(s) of interest | NHLBI-NIH tool score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bertoldo et al., (2018) [17], Australia | To investigate whether maternal and post-weaning HFD-induced changes in oocyte-secreted factor signalling and ovarian function in female offspring could be ameliorated by exercise and NMN supplementation | Female C57BL/6 mice (Mus musculus) |
1. Chow maternal diet, chow offspring diet, no intervention (control) 2. Chow maternal diet, HFD offspring diet, no intervention 3. HFD maternal diet, chow offspring diet, no intervention 4. HFD maternal diet, HFD offspring diet, no intervention 5. HFD maternal diet, chow offspring diet, exercise intervention 6. HFD maternal diet, chow offspring diet, NMN intervention 7. HFD maternal diet, HFD offspring diet, exercise intervention 8. HFD maternal diet, HFD offspring diet, NMN intervention |
1. Exercise intervention Type: treadmill running Duration: 9 weeks (starting at 9 weeks of age) Frequency: 6 days per week 2. NMN supplementation Form: intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of NMN Dose: 500 mg/kg body weight per day Duration: 2.5 weeks (from 16 to 18.5 weeks of age) |
In COCs: Gdf9, Bmp15, Amhr, Mpc1, Sirt1 In the ovary: Gdf9, Bmp15, Fshr, Sirt3, Nfkb1, Insr, Sirt1, Prkaa2, Cry1 |
9 |
| Guo et al., (2024) [18], China | To investigate the effects of NMN on oocyte maturation in STZ-induced diabetic mice and explore the underlying mechanisms by assessing mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, DNA damage, actin dynamics, meiotic defects, and histone modifications | Female ICR mice (Mus musculus) |
1. Control group—non-diabetic mice injected with sodium citrate buffer; oocytes matured without NMN 2. Diabetic group (T1D mice without NMN)—diabetic mice injected with STZ; oocytes matured without NMN 3. Diabetic + NMN group (T1D Mice with NMN)—diabetic mice injected with STZ; oocytes matured with NMN supplementation |
1. NMN supplementation Form: NMN in solution, diluted in M16 medium Dose: 1 μM final concentration in the culture medium Duration: 14–16 h (during in vitro maturation of oocytes) |
In oocytes: Sirt1, Sirt3, Drp1, Opa1, Mfn2, Sod1 |
10 |
| Huang et al., (2022) [28], China | To investigate whether long-term NMN supplementation can counteract age-related ovarian decline in mice by enhancing mitophagy in granulosa cells, improving ovarian follicle reserve, endocrine function, and mitochondrial biogenesis, while reducing cellular senescence | Female ICR mice (Mus musculus) |
1. 4 W group: young control (saline) 2. 8 W group: early reproductive age control (saline) 3. 12 W group: peak reproductive age control (saline) 4. 24 W group: mid-reproductive age control (saline) 5. 40 W group: pre-ageing control (saline) 6. 60WC group: aged control (saline from 40 to 60 weeks) 7. 60WN group: NMN-treated group (NMN from 40 to 60 weeks) |
1. NMN supplementation Form: oral (drinking water) Dose: 0.5 mg/mL in drinking water Duration: 20 weeks (from 40 to 60 weeks of age) |
9 | |
| Jiang et al., (2023) [25], China | To investigate the reproductive toxicity of BBP in mouse oocytes and assess whether NMN supplementation can counteract BBP-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis | Female ICR mice (Mus musculus) |
1. Control group (no BBP, no NMN) 2. Low-dose BBP group (0.5 mg/kg BW/day BBP) 3. High-dose BBP group (1.5 mg/kg BW/day BBP) 4. BBP + NMN group (1.5 mg/kg BW/day BBP + 200 mg/kg BW/day NMN) 5. In vitro oocyte culture groups (control vs BBP-treated oocytes) 6. In vivo fertilisation groups (control vs BBP-exposed vs BBP + NMN) |
1. NMN supplementation Form: intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection Dose: 200 mg/kg body weight per day Duration: 8 consecutive days, administered alongside BBP exposure |
In oocytes: Crisp1, Scd3, Kif18b, Atp6v1c2 In the ovary: P16, Pgc-1α, Nrf-1, Lc3b, Lamp-1, Clpp, Ctsd |
9 |
| Li et al., (2023) [29], China | To investigate whether NMN supplementation could mitigate the effects of ageing in porcine oocytes and improve subsequent embryonic development | Porcine oocyte |
1. Fresh oocytes (0 h)—control group 2. Aged oocytes (24 h, 48 h)—untreated ageing groups 3. NMN-treated aged oocytes (1, 10, 100 μmol/L)—tested for rescue effects 4. Embryo development groups—fresh, aged (24 h, 48 h), and NMN-treated aged oocytes assessed for blastocyst formation |
1. NMN supplementation Form: dissolved in porcine zygote medium (pZM-3) Dose: 1, 10, and 100 μmol/L (100 μmol/L was optimal) Duration: applied to oocytes during in vitro ageing for 24 or 48 h |
In oocytes: Sod1, Cat, Bax, Bcl-2 In blastocysts: Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 |
9.5 |
| Wang et al., (2022) [19], China | To investigate whether NMN supplementation could improve oocyte quality and reproductive outcomes in obese female mice by restoring mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, and alleviating ovarian inflammation | Female C57BL/6 J mice (Mus musculus) |
1. ND (normal diet) group—mice fed a normal diet, received PBS injections (healthy control) 2. HFD group—mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, received PBS injections (obese control) 3. HFD + NMN group—mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, received NMN injections (obese treatment group) |
1. NMN supplementation Form: Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection Dose: 200 mg/kg body weight per day Duration: 10 consecutive days |
In the ovary: Lhx8, Bmp4, Adgre1, Ccl2, TNF-α, Gal-3, Clec10a, IL-10 In oocytes: Bax, Sod1 |
9 |
| Xu et al., (2023) [26], China | To investigate whether NMN, BER, and COR improve the survival and developmental potential of vitrified bovine oocytes by reducing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis while enhancing mitochondrial function | Bovine oocyte |
1. Fresh control group—untreated, non-vitrified oocytes 2. Vitrification control group—vitrified oocytes with no supplementation 3. NMN groups—oocytes treated with NMN during IVM 4. BER groups—oocytes treated with BER during IVM 5. COR groups—oocytes treated with COR during IVM 6. Optimised treatment groups—the most effective concentrations (1 µM NMN, 2.5 µM BER, and 1 µM COR) used for final comparisons |
1. NMN, BER, COR Supplementation Form: dissolved in IVM medium (M199) Dose: 0.1, 1, 10, 100 µM for MNM; 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 µM for BER; 0.1, 1, 10, 100 µM for COR Duration: 22–24 h during IVM |
In oocytes: Srebp1, Fabp3, Pparg, Xbp1, Atf4, Grp78, Mfn1, Mfn2, Fis1, Drp1, Cat, Gpx1, Sod1, Bax, Bcl2 |
8.5 |