. 2025 Dec 26;46(1):13. doi: 10.1007/s10875-025-01955-2

Table 3.

T cell subsets frequency (%) from 1–18 years old (yo). All frequencies were calculated within CD4 + cells. Values are presented as median and interquartile range (Q1–Q3)

T cell subsets	1–3 yo (N = 9)	> 3–5 yo (N = 6)	> 5–7 yo (N = 9)	> 7–10 yo (N = 14)	> 10–14 yo (N = 6)	> 14–18 yo (N = 8)	Correlation with age (r)	p-value
CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA + CCR7 + Naïve Th	78.3 (75.9–80.0)	74.1 (66.5–78.3)	69.3 (62.5–72.0)	62.0 (56.4–70.6)	55.7 (53.0–60.4.0.4)	52.3 (43.8–55.1)	−0.74	9.59E-10
CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CCR7- Effector memory Th	7.3 (6.4–8.0.4.0)	11.9 (8.4–15.5)	12.5 (10.6–13.5)	13.4 (11.8–18.6)	17.3 (14.7–21.7)	23.4 (15.6–28.2)	0.58	7.70E-06
CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA + CD45RO- Naïve Th	71.3 (67.1–76.9)	65.4 (57.0–70.0)	60.1 (59.0–66.9.0.9)	54.8 (48.0–61.7.0.7)	48.6 (41.2–52.5)	47.1 (38.0–47.4.0.4)	−0.76	1.18E-10
CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + Late memory Th	24.1 (16.7–27.6)	26.1 (23.2–34.9)	32.3 (27.5–34.2)	40.9 (31.4–46.9)	45.3 (42.6–53.6)	47.8 (47.2–58.2)	0.8	5.73E-12
CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5-CXCR3 + CCR6- Th1	6.8 (4.8–8.4)	7.2 (6.7–11.9)	9.2 (7.7–10.5)	11.0 (9.1–12.7)	14.5 (14.2–15.0)	16.9 (14.0–18.6.0.6)	0.7	1.44E-08
CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5-CXCR3-CCR6- Th2	8.0 (6.4–9.6)	11.0 (7.7–12.2)	9.4 (8.5–11.4)	11.9 (10.2–13.1)	11.3 (9.3–12.9)	9.7 (8.6–10.0)	0.15	0.31
CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5-CXCR3-CCR6 + Th17	2.3 (1.5–2.6)	2.7 (2.6–2.8)	2.2 (1.8–3.3)	4.8 (3.3–6.6)	6.4 (4.9–9.0.9.0)	5.8 (4.9–8.1)	0.72	5.75E-09
CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5-CXCR3 + CCR6 + Th1/17	1.3 (1.1–1.7)	2.2 (2.0–2.8.0.8)	2.8 (1.2–3.3)	4.6 (3.1–5.8)	6.0 (5.9–9.7)	7.8 (7.5–14.7)	0.85	2.25E-14
CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5 + Tfh	3.5 (2.8–4.7)	3.9 (3.0–4.3.0.3)	5.1 (4.4–7.6)	6.1 (5.0–7.7.0.7)	6.5 (5.5–8.8)	8.2 (6.0–8.6.0.6)	0.59	1.74E-05

T cell subsets

1–3 yo
(N = 9)

> 3–5 yo
(N = 6)

> 5–7 yo
(N = 9)

> 7–10 yo
(N = 14)

> 10–14 yo
(N = 6)

> 14–18 yo
(N = 8)

Correlation with age (r)

p-value

CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA + CCR7 +

Naïve Th

78.3

(75.9–80.0)

74.1

(66.5–78.3)

69.3

(62.5–72.0)

62.0

(56.4–70.6)

55.7

(53.0–60.4.0.4)

52.3

(43.8–55.1)

−0.74

9.59E-10

CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CCR7-

Effector memory Th

7.3

(6.4–8.0.4.0)

11.9

(8.4–15.5)

12.5

(10.6–13.5)

13.4

(11.8–18.6)

17.3

(14.7–21.7)

23.4

(15.6–28.2)

0.58

7.70E-06

CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA + CD45RO-

Naïve Th

71.3

(67.1–76.9)

65.4

(57.0–70.0)

60.1

(59.0–66.9.0.9)

54.8

(48.0–61.7.0.7)

48.6

(41.2–52.5)

47.1

(38.0–47.4.0.4)

−0.76

1.18E-10

CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO +

Late memory Th

24.1

(16.7–27.6)

26.1

(23.2–34.9)

32.3

(27.5–34.2)

40.9

(31.4–46.9)

45.3

(42.6–53.6)

47.8

(47.2–58.2)

0.8

5.73E-12

CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5-CXCR3 + CCR6-

Th1

6.8

(4.8–8.4)

7.2

(6.7–11.9)

9.2

(7.7–10.5)

11.0

(9.1–12.7)

14.5

(14.2–15.0)

16.9

(14.0–18.6.0.6)

0.7

1.44E-08

CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5-CXCR3-CCR6-

Th2

8.0

(6.4–9.6)

11.0

(7.7–12.2)

9.4

(8.5–11.4)

11.9

(10.2–13.1)

11.3

(9.3–12.9)

9.7

(8.6–10.0)

0.15

0.31

CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5-CXCR3-CCR6 +

Th17

2.3

(1.5–2.6)

2.7

(2.6–2.8)

2.2

(1.8–3.3)

4.8

(3.3–6.6)

6.4

(4.9–9.0.9.0)

5.8

(4.9–8.1)

0.72

5.75E-09

CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5-CXCR3 + CCR6 +

Th1/17

1.3

(1.1–1.7)

2.2

(2.0–2.8.0.8)

2.8

(1.2–3.3)

4.6

(3.1–5.8)

6.0

(5.9–9.7)

7.8

(7.5–14.7)

0.85

2.25E-14

CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA-CD45RO + CXCR5 +

Tfh

3.5

(2.8–4.7)

3.9

(3.0–4.3.0.3)

5.1

(4.4–7.6)

6.1

(5.0–7.7.0.7)

6.5

(5.5–8.8)

8.2

(6.0–8.6.0.6)

0.59

1.74E-05

Abbreviations: Th: T helper; Tfh: T follicular helper. Spearman correlation (r): low association 0.1–0.3; moderate positive association between 0.3–0.5; and strong positive association 0.5–1.5; Statistical significance p < 0.05.