. 2002 Oct;70(10):5556–5561. doi: 10.1128/IAI.70.10.5556-5561.2002

TABLE 4.

Changes in cytokine mRNA expression by resting (control) and IFN-γ-and LPS-activated bovine macrophages (activated) and macrophages incubated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. a. ptb) or M. avium subsp. avium (M. a. a.)^a

Cytokine	Treatment	Relative density
		6 h				24 h				72 h
		1	2	3	Change	1	2	3	Change	1	2	3	Change
IL-10	Control	612	960	1,104		632	1,117	894		448	493	524
	Activated	2,206	2,507	3,879	3.2	2,074	2,547	2,173	2.5	482	575	669	1.2
	M. a. ptb.	6,900	9,905	11,638	12.2*†	5,140	7,417	6,788	7.2*†	3,710	3,803	4,552	8.3*
	M. a. a.	2,287	4,227	4,968	4.2	2,004	4,219	3,158	3.5	3,110	3,551	3,183	6.7*
IL-12	Control	0				0				0
	Activated	728	823	730		719	509	622		658	788	783
	M. a. ptb.	801	746	802		765	673	710		0*
	M. a. a.	608	302	364		ND	734	792		0*
INF-γ	Control	144	296	241		168	183	206		87	0	72
	Activated	1,232	1,607	1,379	6.2	446	398	375	2.2	102	100	54	1.5
	M. a. ptb.	378	482	403	1.9*	342	361	451	2.0	174	199	207	3.5*
	M. a. a.	447	452	386	1.9*	189	178	321	1.2	163	203	154	3.1*
TNF-α	Control	56	154	59		57	42	78		40	62	87
	Activated	358	266	272	3.4	181	238	326	4.2	109	79	ND	1.5
	M. a. ptb.	112	181	137	1.6*†	184	132	218	3.0	45	66	74	0
	M. a. a.	338	313	348	3.8	192	229	239	3.8	0	152	45	0
IL-8	Control	178	40	35		136	41	59		298	184	196
	Activated	2,013	358	395	11.0	1,769	845	928	14.9	296	251	225	1.1
	M. a. ptb.	2,243	679	787	14.7	2,245	1,712	1,678	24.0	1,317	662	681	4.0*
	M. a. a.	1,841	752	722	13.1	1,723	1,421	1,503	19.8	982	878	851	4.0*
GM-CSF	Control	284	168	225		114	176	152		96	0	139
	Activated	433	304	255	1.4	178	173	104	1.0	115	73	90	1.2
	M. a. ptb.	1,732	1,524	1,261	6.6*	742	548	563	4.2*	413	382	369	4.9*†
	M. a. a.	1,802	1,330	2,342	8.1*	659	621	679	4.5*	158	177	172	2.1

Values represent relative density for each of three cows (cows 1, 2, and 3). Change values represent mean fold change compared to the control. *, statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared to activated macrophages; †, statistically different (P < 0.05) compared to M. avium subsp. avium-infected macrophages. ND, not determined.