Table 3.

Jadad scale assessment of the included studies.

Author(s)	Year	Randomization (0–2)	Blinding (0–2)	Withdrawals/Dropouts (0–1)	Total Jadad score
Hietanen et al. (2)	2019	2	2	1	5
Khalid et al. (1)	2019	2	0	1	3
Were et al. (3)	2021	2	0	1	3
Rimmer et al. (7)	2023	2	0	1	3
Koc et al. (8)	2008	2	0	1	3
Nedelec et al. (9)	2020	2	1	1	4
Manzoor et al. (10)	2020	2	0	1	3
Khalid et al. (11)	2018	2	0	1	3
AbdAlbaset et al. (12)	2025	2	0	1	3
Rutnin et al. (13)	2025	2	2	1	5
Reinholz et al. (14)	2020	2	0	1	3
Saleem et al. (15)	2017	2	0	1	3
Sharma et al. (6)	2021	2	0	1	3
Naseem et al. (16)	2022	2	0	1	3
Li et al. (17)	2022	2	0	1	3
de Sousa et al. (5)	2022	2	0	1	3
Bijlard et al. (19)	2018	2	0	1	3
Abedini et al. (20)	2018	2	0	1	3
Shaarawy et al. (21)	2015	2	0	1	3
Liu et al. (22)	2013	2	0	1	3
Tawaranurak et al. (23)	2022	2	0	1	3
Liu et al. (24)	2024	2	0	1	3
Krishna et al. (25)	2025	2	0	1	3
Hou et al. (26)	2023	2	0	1	3
Qiao et al. (27)	2025	2	0	1	3
Manuskiatti et al. (28)	2022	2	0	1	3
Manuskiatti et al. (29)	2021	2	0	1	3
Shah et al. (30)	2023	2	0	1	3
Bijlard et al. (31)	2013	2	0	1	3
Chua et al. (32)	2019	2	0	1	3
Zakria et al. (33)	2022	2	2	1	5
Behera et al. (34)	2016	2	0	1	3
Pires et al. (35)	2022	2	2	1	5
Ricciardi et al. (36)	2025	2	0	1	3
Usanakornkul et al. (37)	2017	2	2	1	5
Hietanen et al. (38)	2020	2	2	1	5
Fischer et al. (4)	2021	2	2	1	5
Goyal et al. (39)	2024	2	2	1	5
Tan et al. (40)	2019	2	1	1	4
Srinivasan et al. (41)	2014	2	0	1	3
Menon et al. (42)	2025	2	0	1	3