Table 2.
Group comparisons of mental health scores by sociodemographic and climate-related variables (N = 608).
| Variable | Group | PHQ-8 | GAD-7 | K-10 | CC-MMDS | PCL-5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summary | P | Summary | P | Summary | P | Summary | P | Summary | P | ||
| Gender | Male | 8.28 ± 5.21 | 0.026* | 6.76 ± 4.26 | 0.064 | 24.42 ± 8.26 | 0.024* | 53.71 ± 22.22 | 0.830 | 8.7 ± 7.86 | 0.002* |
| Female | 9.19 ± 4.87 | 7.44 ± 4.62 | 25.94 ± 8.29 | 53.31 ± 23.98 | 10.67 ± 7.75 | ||||||
| Area | Rural | 8.24 ± 4.67 | 0.016* | 6.88 ± 4.06 | 0.233 | 24.33 ± 7.78 | 0.013* | 53.67 ± 21.29 | 0.867 | 9.06 ± 7.27 | 0.058 |
| Urban | 9.23 ± 5.4 | 7.31 ± 4.81 | 26.01 ± 8.75 | 53.36 ± 24.83 | 10.27 ± 8.41 | ||||||
| Region | Duhok | 8.59 ± 5.03 | 0.838 | 6.06 ± 4.19 | 0.000* | 23.44 ± 8.29 | 0.000* | 43.35 ± 22.32 | 0.000* | 7.93 ± 7.74 | 0.000* |
| Erbil | 8.88 ± 5.19 | 7.68 ± 4.69 | 26.82 ± 8.68 | 61.5 ± 23.01 | 11.92 ± 7.7 | ||||||
| Sulaymaniyah | 8.69 ± 4.98 | 7.51 ± 4.27 | 25.15 ± 7.57 | 55.44 ± 20.04 | 9.04 ± 7.65 | ||||||
| Employed | Yes | 8.48 ± 5.21 | 0.040* | 7.07 ± 4.41 | 0.885 | 25.02 ± 8.33 | 0.541 | 55.25 ± 23.26 | 0.002* | 9.69 ± 8 | 0.836 |
| No | 9.37 ± 4.59 | 7.13 ± 4.54 | 25.49 ± 8.25 | 48.94 ± 21.96 | 9.54 ± 7.51 | ||||||
| C. Home-lessness | Yes | 10.63 ± 4.23 | 0.003* | 8.8 ± 5.03 | 0.019* | 27.61 ± 7.59 | 0.027* | 58.8 ± 22.36 | 0.102 | 12.7 ± 8.46 | 0.014* |
| No | 8.57 ± 5.1 | 6.95 ± 4.37 | 24.95 ± 8.33 | 53.09 ± 23.09 | 9.4 ± 7.77 | ||||||
| C. Events | Yes | 9 ± 5.01 | 0.043* | 7.26 ± 4.42 | 0.154 | 25.55 ± 8.17 | 0.086 | 54.62 ± 23.3 | 0.074 | 10.38 ± 7.85 | 0.001* |
| No | 8.1 ± 5.14 | 6.7 ± 4.49 | 24.27 ± 8.55 | 51.05 ± 22.42 | 8.02 ± 7.68 | ||||||
The table summarizes the means and standard deviations of the total scores for five mental health measures (PHQ-8, GAD-7, PCL-5, K-10, and CC-MMDS) across key sociodemographic and climate factors in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Summary values are presented as the means ± standard deviations (M ± SD). Reported p-values reflect the significance of group differences tested using independent t-tests for binary variables (all except region) and one-way ANOVA for variables with more than two categories (region). Bold values with an asterisk (*) indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05). C. Homelessness = climate-related homelessness; C. Events = climate-related extreme events.