Table 2.
Silage characteristics in alfalfa silage with jujube powder (JP) or without additive (CK).
| Items | Treatment | Sampling time (day) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 5 | 15 | 30 | 45 | 60 | |||
| Dry matter (g/kg FW) | CK | Mean | 221.3 | 218.7 | 218.4 | 216 | 224.6 | 207.2 | 207.8 |
| SD | SD | 2.2 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 9.1 | 2.2 | 2.6 | |
| JP | Mean | 258.1 | 258.9 | 252.2 | 273.4 | 263.4 | 252.2 | 257.8 | |
| SD | 1.3 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 4.3 | 5.8 | ||
| CK × JP | P | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.024 | 0.002 | 0.001 | |
| Crude ash (g/kg DM) | CK | Mean | 123.66 | 123.88 | 138.24 | 147.56 | 149.18 | 149.12 | 152.40 |
| SD | 1.95 | 1.85 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 3.7 | ||
| JP | Mean | 141.13 | 127.16 | 142.79 | 152.96 | 151.54 | 151.46 | 151.31 | |
| SD | 2.3 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 5.5 | ||
| CK × JP | P | 0.007 | 0.555 | 0.119 | 0.087 | 0.447 | 0.403 | 0.712 | |
| pH | CK | Mean | 6.42 | 6.15 | 5.49 | 5.38 | 4.84 | 4.86 | 4.79 |
| SD | 0.032 | 0.055 | 0.1 | 0.035 | 0.1 | 0.11 | 0.25 | ||
| JP | Mean | 5.85 | 5.55 | 4.82 | 4.52 | 4.45 | 4.36 | 4.26 | |
| SD | 0.092 | 0.131 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.029 | 0.05 | 0.06 | ||
| CK × JP | P | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.003 | |
| Lactic acid (g/kg DM) | CK | Mean | 8.7 | 10.70 | 13.20 | 17.30 | 36.90 | 34.10 | 32.70 |
| SD | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.73 | 0.9 | 0.43 | 0.84 | 0.72 | ||
| JP | Mean | 16.40 | 17.12 | 17.90 | 19.40 | 44.50 | 41.30 | 35.60 | |
| SD | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 5.12 | ||
| CK × JP | P | 0.021 | 0.119 | 0.022 | 0.492 | 0.046 | 0.008 | 0.006 | |
| Acetic acid (g/kg DM) | CK | Mean | 2.20 | 2.30 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 5.50 | 5.30 | 8.00 |
| SD | 0.06 | 0.73 | 0.56 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.56 | 0.61 | ||
| JP | Mean | 1.90 | 2.20 | 2.50 | 2.90 | 3.40 | 4.10 | 5.60 | |
| SD | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.55 | 0.13 | 0.47 | 0.51 | ||
| CK × JP | P | 0.001 | 0.129 | 0.002 | 0.021 | 0.006 | 0.078 | 0.002 | |
| NH3-N (g/kg total nitrogen) | CK | Mean | 78.30 | 154.59 | 275.35 | 546.77 | 538.56 | 433.41 | 384.31 |
| SD | 4 | 10.4 | 8.4 | 10.4 | 8.5 | 4.4 | 3.5 | ||
| JP | Mean | 44.9 | 67.37 | 143.57 | 163.38 | 231.9 | 153.5 | 151.8 | |
| SD | 1.05 | 2.1 | 4.7 | 8.1 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 5 | ||
| CK × JP | P | 5.19 | 0.02 | 1.34 | 0.49 | 0.09 | 1.57 | 0.04 | |
| Propionic acid (g/kg DM) | CK | Mean | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.37 | 2.80 | 4.00 | 5.00 |
| SD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.81 | 0.36 | 0.56 | ||
| JP | Mean | 0.057 | 0.056 | 0.058 | 0.050 | 0.982 | 1.800 | 2.100 | |
| SD | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.300 | 0.500 | 0.600 | ||
| CK × JP | P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| Neutral detergent fiber (g/kg DM) | CK | Mean | 289.9 | 362.4 | 359.6 | 298.1 | 332.1 | 345.3 | 306.9 |
| SD | 6.35 | 83.2 | 52.3 | 6.53 | 35.1 | 5.3 | 45.2 | ||
| JP | Mean | 306.8 | 326.2 | 365.3 | 325.1 | 352.7 | 342.6 | 321.6 | |
| SD | 21.3 | 21.3 | 26.3 | 24.3 | 25.9 | 34.2 | 2.31 | ||
| CK × JP | P | 0.052 | 0.032 | 0.021 | 0.03 | 0.032 | 0.32 | 0.032 | |
| Acid detergent fiber (g/kg DM) | CK | Mean | 299.9 | 289.2 | 296.6 | 392.5 | 298.3 | 321.6 | 311.2 |
| SD | 23.1 | 25.1 | 9.65 | 45.32 | 23.1 | 12.3 | 15.6 | ||
| JP | Mean | 281.5 | 273.9 | 285.6 | 293.7 | 290.1 | 293.1 | 301.2 | |
| SD | 21.9 | 12.3 | 15.8 | 35.6 | 29.1 | 35.2 | 12.3 | ||
| CK × JP | P | 0.057 | 0.098 | 0.026 | 0.054 | 0.32 | 0.54 | 0.6 | |
| Lactic acid bacteria (Log10 CFU/g FW) | CK | Mean | 4.301 | 7.279 | 8.398 | 8.977 | 7.204 | 7.041 | 6.919 |
| SD | 0.23 | 0.45 | 0.12 | 0.987 | 0.34 | 0.67 | 0.87 | ||
| JP | Mean | 5.23 | 7.522 | 9.077 | 9.544 | 7.53 | 7.114 | 6.806 | |
| SD | 0.12 | 0.76 | 0.34 | 0.87 | 00.67 | 0.76 | 0.78 | ||
| CK × JP | P | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.045 | 0.07 | 0.04 | |
FW, fresh weight; DM, dry matter; ND, not detected; CFU, colony-forming units; SD, standard error of means.