Table 3. Risk factors associated with school violence in Peruvian adolescents (n=253).
| Dimensions |
Yes % (n) |
No % (n) |
COR (95% CI) |
AOR (95% CI) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual factors | 75.49 (191) | 24.51 (62) | 3.00(2.62-4.02) | 3 .00(2.61-3.75) | 0.001 |
| Impulsiveness | 66.80 (169) | 33.20 (84) | 2.41(1.60-3.42) | 2.10(1.42-3.21) | 0.003 |
| Poor skills | 64.03 (162) | 35.97 (91) | 2.25(1.51-3.32) | 2.00(1.30-3.00) | 0.005 |
| Exposure to violence | 54.94 (139) | 45.06 (114) | 1.82(1.25-2.60) | 1.65(1.11-2.42) | 0.015 |
| Self-control difficulties | 57.71 (146) | 42.29 (107) | 2.00(1.43-2.90) | 1.71(1.24-2.66) | 0.010 |
| Victimization | 35.16 (89) | 64.84 (164) | 1.37(0.90-1.82) | 1.20(0.80-1.75) | 0.020 |
| Gang involvement | 3.16 (8) | 96.84 (245) | 1.10(0.45-3.23) | 0.9(0.31-2.73) | 0.150 |
| Substance use | 4.74 (12) | 95.26 (241) | 1.12(0.44-3.20) | 1.0(0.36-3.01) | 0.650 |
| Family factors | 56.13 (142) | 43.87 (111) | 2.62(1.42-3.10) | 2.50(1.30-2.81) | 0.007 |
| Domestic violence | 20.17 (51) | 79.83 (202) | 1.51(0.94-2.61) | 1.43(0.83-2.42) | 0.110 |
| Poor parental supervision | 45.87 (116) | 54.13 (137) | 1.70(1.25-2.50) | 1.52(1.00-2.33) | 0.020 |
| Low emotional support | 67.55 (171) | 32.45 (82) | 2.61(1.81-3.83) | 2.35(1.66-3.51) | 0.001 |
| Verbal conflicts | 43.87 (111) | 56.13 (142) | 1.90(1.30-2.81) | 1.67(1.15-2.48) | 0.002 |
| Social factors | 62.87 (159) | 37.13 (94) | 2.30(1.63-3.35) | 2.00(1.42-3.15) | 0.001 |
| Peer pressure | 42.68 (108) | 57.32 (145) | 1.81(1.24-2.75) | 1.65(1.16-2.45) | 0.016 |
| Participation in violence | 59.29 (150) | 40.71 (103) | 2.21(1.50-3.20) | 2.00(1.30-3.00) | 0.014 |
| Misunderstandings | 57.71 (146) | 42.29 (107) | 2.00(1.41-2.92) | 1.72(1.27-2.62) | 0.001 |
| School-related factors | 43.10 (109) | 56.90 (144) | 1.75(1.25-2.63) | 1.52(1.11-2.34) | 0.060 |
| Absence of rules | 32.45 (82) | 67.55 (171) | 1.51(1.00-2.37) | 1.30(0.95-2.00) | 0.040 |
| Low emotional support | 43.87 (111) | 56.13 (142) | 1.95(1.31-2.82) | 1.62(1.11-2.41) | 0.050 |
| Negative climate | 26.88 (68) | 73.12 (185) | 1.46(0.90-2.22) | 1.27(0.82-1.90) | 0.040 |
| Cultural factors | 35.97 (91) | 64.03 (162) | 1.62(1.10-2.52) | 1.40(0.95-2.12) | 0.050 |
| Discrimination | 26.88 (68) | 73.12 (185) | 1.47(0.93-2.00) | 1.21(0.80-1.84) | 0.062 |
| Machismo | 50.59 (128) | 49.41 (125) | 2.00(1.45-3.00) | 1.85(1.33-2.77) | 0.003 |
| Aggressive role models | 28.85 (73) | 71.15 (180) | 1.56(1.00-2.36) | 1.30(0.98-2.03) | 0.015 |
| Community factors | 35.56 (90) | 64.44 (163) | 2.00(1.41-3.10) | 1.82(1.32-2.85) | 0.050 |
| Crime | 34.84 (88) | 65.16 (165) | 2.33(1.62-3.54) | 2.30(1.60-3.50) | 0.020 |
| Lack of recreational resources | 37.13 (94) | 62.87 (159) | 1.51(1.00-2.36) | 1.50(1.00-2.31) | 0.150 |
| Poor cohesion | 28.47 (72) | 71.53 (181) | 1.45(0.92-2.10) | 1.39(0.96-2.00) | 0.650 |
COR = Crude odds ratio; AOR = Adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI = 95 % Confidence interval. COR values > 1 indicate higher crude odds of experiencing the corresponding risk factor; AOR values > 1 indicate higher adjusted odds. p <0.05 indicates a statistically significant association with school violence. Model fit was confirmed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (p = 0.463).