Correction

MEDICAL SCIENCES. For the article “Differential responses to psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic forms of major depression and childhood trauma,” by Charles B. Nemeroff, Christine M. Heim, Michael E. Thase, Daniel N. Klein, A. John Rush, Alan F. Schatzberg, Philip T. Ninan, James P. McCullough, Jr., Paul M. Weiss, David L. Dunner, Barbara O. Rothbaum, Susan Kornstein, Gabor Keitner, and Martin B. Keller, which appeared in issue 24, November 25, 2003, of Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (100, 14293-14296; first published November 13, 2003; 10.1073/pnas.2336126100), the authors note the following. “Results of the analyses of variance comparing change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores as a function of treatment type and early life trauma histories as well as Fig. 1 A reflect change relative to the first week of treatment instead of baseline. When change scores relative to baseline are used, the interaction effects between treatment type and childhood trauma histories are not statistically significant. This discrepancy is due to marked changes in depression scores during the first week of treatment. Note that all analyses comparing the more conservative outcome measure of remission as a function of treatment type and childhood trauma as well as Fig. 1B are correct. Thus, consideration of treatment response relative to baseline does not detect the effect of childhood trauma on final remission, whereas consideration of final response relative to first response does detect the effect.”