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. 2026 Jan 13;7:1653833. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1653833

Table 3.

Oxygen consumption (VO2), power output and heart rate (HR) during e-bike commuting downhill, flat and uphill.

Epoch VO2, downhill VO2, flat VO2, uphill Power, downhill Power, flat Power, uphill HR, downhill HR, flat HR, uphill
10 s 16.67 (6.03) a19.87 (6.87) 24.56 (7.38) 0.86 (0.87) a1.34 (0.83) 1.92 (0.76) 53 (8) a60 (10) 67 (10)
30 s 16.17 (5.47) a20.57 (6.28) 25.01 (6.96) 0.74 (0.65) a1.35 (0.71) 1.89 (0.68) 53 (7) a60 (10) 67 (10)
60 s 16.66 (5.36) a19.15 (5.58) 26.16 (6.24) 0.72 (0.6) a1.34 (0.65) 1.85 (0.69) 54 (8) a59 (9) 67 (10)
a

 = statistically significantly different from uphill and downhill (p < 0.001). Units: VO2; mL/kg/min, Power output; watt/kg, HR; % of estimated maximal heart rate.