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. 2026 Jan 13;13:1754424. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1754424

Table 5.

Pearson’s r and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients between psychological variables and age, length of service, and number of hours worked (n = 150).

Variable Age Number of hours worked per month Length of service [years]
Overall resilience (SPP-25) −0.58 *** 0.06 −0.52 ***
Overall work engagement (UWES) −0.56 *** 0.02 −0.61 ***
Self-efficacy (GSES) −0.43 *** 0.26 ** −0.41 ***
Level of perceived stress (PSS-10) 0.01 −0.26 ** 0.01
Coping strategies (Mini-COPE)
Active coping −0.15 0.37 *** −0.19 *
Planning −0.13 0.13 −0.19 *
Positive reframing −0.27 *** 0.07 −0.32 ***
Acceptance −0.18 * 0.17 * −0.13
Sense of humour −0.17 * 0.24 ** −0.16
Turning to religion 0.02 0.11 0.01
Seeking emotional support −0.23 ** 0.07 −0.26 **
Seeking instrumental support −0.22 ** 0.05 −0.30 ***
Self-distraction −0.23 ** 0.11 −0.23 **
Denial 0.05 0.01 0.00
Venting 0.04 0.07 0.09
Substance use 0.03 −0.09 0.02
Behavioural disengagement −0.04 0.06 −0.11
Self-blame 0.02 0.05 −0.08

For the variable length of service, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient values were reported; in other cases, Pearson’s r coefficient values were reported.

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.