Table 6.

Comparison of psychological variables between women and men (n = 149).

Dependent variable	Women (n = 77)		Men (n = 72)		t	df	p	Cohen’s d
	M	SD	M	SD
Overall resilience (SPP-25)	70.58	20.60	59.33	23.94	3.07a	140.47	0.003	0.51
Overall work engagement (UWES)	3.86	1.09	3.15	1.65	3.10a	121.86	0.002	0.51
Self-efficacy (GSES)	27.04	4.77	28.22	6.07	−1.33	147	0.186	0.22
Level of perceived stress (PSS-10)	23.86	7.06	20.58	7.19	2.80	147	0.006	0.46
Coping strategies (Mini-COPE)
Active coping	1.61	0.43	1.58	0.63	0.38a	124.11	0.701	0.06
Planning	1.84	0.67	1.76	0.50	0.84a	140.16	0.401	0.14
Positive reframing	1.69	0.59	1.57	0.62	1.20	147	0.232	0.20
Acceptance	1.59	0.67	1.64	0.54	−0.48a	143.69	0.630	0.08
Sense of humour	1.77	0.58	1.78	0.56	−0.05	147	0.957	<0.01
Turning to religion	1.62	0.65	1.51	0.59	1.14	147	0.257	0.19
Seeking emotional support	1.94	0.60	1.79	0.72	1.33	147	0.185	0.22
Seeking instrumental support	1.89	0.52	1.57	0.62	3.40	147	<0.001	0.56
Self-distraction	1.69	0.49	1.56	0.46	1.69	147	0.093	0.28
Denial	1.61	0.53	1.42	0.47	2.27	147	0.025	0.37
Venting	1.58	0.61	1.49	0.47	1.02	147	0.308	0.17
Substance use	1.77	0.67	1.33	0.81	3.69	147	<0.001	0.61
Behavioural disengagement	1.72	0.64	1.54	0.60	1.77	147	0.079	0.29
Self-blame	1.75	0.72	1.47	0.50	2.73a	135.42	0.007	0.44

n, number of observations; M, arithmetic mean; SD, standard deviation; t, t-statistic value; df, degrees of freedom; p, statistical significance.

^aLevene’s test proved to be statistically significant, and the result was reported with Welch’s correction.