Table 7.

Comparison of psychological variable scores in groups by job position—Kruskal–Wallis test (n = 150).

Dependent variable	Paramedic/nurse (n = 39)		Team leader (n = 66)		Driver (n = 45)		H(2)	p	η 2
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Overall resilience	67.18	23.78	63.45	21.87	65.22	24.11	1.03	0.598	<0.01
Overall work engagement	3.72	1.08	3.46	1.34	3.43	1.78	0.28	0.871	<0.01
Self-efficacy	26.23	4.52	27.64	4.55	28.73	6.99	9.0	0.011	0.05
Level of perceived stress	27.44	4.60	21.29	7.48	19.38	6.71	27.93	<0.001	0.18
Stress coping strategies
Active coping	1.59	0.40	1.65	0.51	1.52	0.65	2.49	0.288	<0.01
Planning	1.96	0.64	1.71	0.58	1.79	0.54	4.00	0.135	0.01
Positive reframing	1.76	0.48	1.63	0.64	1.52	0.63	2.69	0.260	<0.01
Acceptance	1.62	0.60	1.69	0.71	1.51	0.42	2.11	0.348	<0.01
Sense of humour	1.72	0.56	1.83	0.55	1.76	0.61	1.52	0.467	<0.01
Turning to religion	1.79	0.59	1.55	0.69	1.42	0.50	7.30	0.026	0.04
Seeking emotional support	2.09	0.41	1.80	0.74	1.77	0.67	6.84	0.033	0.03
Seeking instrumental support	2.01	0.57	1.7	0.64	1.57	0.46	13.28	0.001	0.08
Self-distraction	1.62	0.40	1.67	0.53	1.59	0.47	1.13	0.569	<0.01
Denial	1.49	0.58	1.7	0.46	1.29	0.42	17.69	<0.001	0.11
Venting	1.64	0.71	1.55	0.46	1.42	0.50	3.21	0.201	<0.01
Substance use	1.71	0.58	1.80	0.80	1.09	0.64	26.12	<0.001	0.16
Behavioural disengagement	1.82	0.48	1.7	0.72	1.37	0.47	16.35	<0.001	0.10
Self-blame	1.92	0.77	1.57	0.57	1.42	0.49	11.98	0.003	0.07

n, number of observations; M, arithmetic mean; Me, median; SD, standard deviation; H(2), t-statistic value with degrees of freedom; p, statistical significance, η², effect size indicator.