Table 4.

Comparative analysis of ferroptosis-targeted therapeutic strategies.

Strategy category	Context	Biomarker(s)	Schedule	Efficacy (preclinical/clinical)	Toxicity profile	References
Ferroptosis Inducer Monotherapy	Drug-resistant solid tumors (e.g., NSCLC, breast cancer) with high ACSL4, low GPX4	ACSL4+, GPX4-, TfR1+	Daily oral/IV for 21 days, 7-day rest	Preclinical: ~60% tumor growth inhibition; Clinical: Phase I ORR 15%	Mild nausea, transient liver enzyme elevation	(239, 240)
Ferroptosis + PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor	Resistant tumors with CD8+ T cell infiltration, ACSL4+, SLC7A11-	ACSL4+, CD8+ T cell+, PD-L1+	Inducer (daily) + Inhibitor (q3w IV)	Preclinical: ~80% tumor regression; Clinical: Phase II ORR 30%	Immune-related adverse events (rash, colitis), iron overload (serum ferritin <1000 ng/mL)	(241, 242)
Ferroptosis + Chemotherapy (Cisplatin)	Resistant ovarian/head and neck cancer with high LIP, DNA damage sensitivity	TfR1+, γH2AX+	Inducer (daily) + Cisplatin (q3w IV)	Preclinical: ~75% tumor growth inhibition; Clinical: Phase I/II ORR 25%	Nephrotoxicity, myelosuppression, severe nausea	(243, 244)
Nanoparticle-Based Ferroptosis Delivery	Resistant tumors with poor drug penetration, TfR1+	TfR1+, CD44+	IV every week, 4 cycles	Preclinical: ~90% tumor inhibition (targeted delivery); Clinical: Phase I safety confirmed	Injection site reactions, mild anemia	(245, 246)