Table 5.
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems for ferroptosis inducers.
| (1) Nanocarrier type | Loaded drugs | Targeting strategy | Core advantages | Preclinical examples | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLGA Nanoparticles | RSL3 + Sorafenib | Surface modification with anti-FRα antibody | Sustained drug release (72 h); reduced systemic toxicity; EPR effect enhancement | HCC: tumor growth ↓70%; GPX4/SLC7A11 ↓50% | (256, 257) |
| Liposomes | Erastin + CuS | pH-responsive zwitterionic coating (G4-AB) | NIR-triggered drug release; photothermal therapy synergy; deep tumor penetration | Breast cancer: lipid peroxidation ↑60%; photothermal ablation efficiency ↑45% | (258, 259) |
| Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) | Sorafenib@Fe-MOF | Passive targeting (EPR effect) + Fe²+ release | Fe²+-mediated Fenton reaction; Sorafenib downregulates GPX4/SLC7A11 | HCC: CD8+ T cell infiltration ↑3-fold; lung metastasis ↓60% | (260, 261) |
| Dendrimers | DOX + CuS | Acylsulfamoyl betaine functionalization | Size/charge-switchable; reduced cardiotoxicity of DOX | Tongue squamous cell carcinoma: tumor volume ↓65% | (262, 263) |
| Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) | ACSL4 siRNA + Curcumin | Surface engineering with integrin αvβ3 ligand | High biocompatibility; cell-specific uptake; evades immune clearance | Colorectal cancer: PUFA-PL ↓40%; ferroptosis sensitivity ↑50% | (264, 265) |