Table1.
Characteristics of the NY validation population, Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS (BD-STEPS), 2018 (n=184).
| NY 2018 Validation Subgroup | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total n=184 | Cases n=100 | Controls n=84 |
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | |
| Age at delivery, years | 30.0 (6.0) | 28.7 (5.7) | 31.4 (6.0) |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Educational attainment | |||
| Less than high school | 24 (13.0) | 15 (14.6) | 9 (10.7) |
| High school | 50 (27.2) | 36 (35.9) | 14 (16.7) |
| More than high school | 98 (53.3) | 41 (41.8) | 57 (67.9) |
| Missing | 12 (6.5) | 8 (7.8) | 4 (4.8) |
| Nativity | |||
| US-born | 102 (55.4) | 56 (56.0) | 46 (54.8) |
| Foreign-born | 70 (38.0) | 36 (36.0) | 34 (40.5) |
| Missing | 12 (6.5) | 8 (8.0) | 4 (4.7) |
| Occupation outside the home | |||
| No | 43 (23.4) | 25 (25.0) | 18 (21.4) |
| Yes | 129 (70.1) | 67 (67.0) | 62 (73.8) |
| Missing | 12 (6.5) | 8 (8.0) | 4 (4.8) |
| Health insurance in early pregnancy | |||
| No | 23 (12.5) | 15 (15.0) | 8 (9.5) |
| Yes | 149 (81.0) | 77 (77.0) | 72 (85.7) |
| Missing | 12 (6.5) | 8 (8.0) | 4 (4.8) |
| Parity | |||
| None | 60 (32.6) | 42 (42.0) | 18 (21.4) |
| One | 72 (39.1) | 32 (32.0) | 40 (47.6) |
| Two or more | 48 (26.1) | 25 (25.0) | 23 (27.4) |
| Missing | 4 (2.2) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (3.6) |
| Singleton gestation | |||
| No | 8 (4.4) | 6 (6.0) | 2 (2.4) |
| Yes | 176 (95.7) | 94 (94.0) | 82 (97.6) |
| Birth outcome | |||
| Live birth | 177 (96.2) | 93 (93.0) | 84 (100) |
| Non-livebirth | 7 (3.8) | 7 (7.0) | -- |
| History of a chronic condition † | 103 (56.0) | 61 (61.0) | 42 (50.0) |
| Obesity ‡ | 41 (22.3) | 25 (25.0) | 16 (19.1) |
| Depression/Anxiety | 40 (21.7) | 25 (25.0) | 15 (17.9) |
| Asthma | 29 (15.8) | 17 (17.0) | 12 (14.3) |
| Autoimmune disease | 15 (8.2) | 7 (7.0) | 8 (9.5) |
| Thyroid disease | 15 (8.2) | 9 (9.0) | 6 (7.1) |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 6 (3.3) | 4 (4.0) | 2 (2.4) |
| Bipolar disorder | 6 (3.3) | 4 (4.0) | 2 (2.4) |
| Chronic hypertension | 5 (2.7) | 3 (3.0) | 2 (2.4) |
| Pre-existing diabetes | 3 (1.6) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (1.2) |
| Heart problems since birth | 3 (1.6) | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0) |
| Interview time | |||
| 6 months or less | 74 (40.2) | 55 (55.0) | 19 (22.6) |
| 7–12 months | 102 (55.4) | 41 (41.0) | 61 (72.6) |
| 13–18 months | 8 (4.4) | 4 (4.0) | 4 (4.8) |
| Interview language | |||
| English | 132 (71.7) | 71 (71.0) | 61 (72.6) |
| Spanish | 52 (27.7) | 29 (29.0) | 23 (27.4) |
| Prenatal record available | |||
| No § | 8 (4.3) | 5 (5.0) | 3 (3.6) |
| Yes, but incomplete § | 5 (2.7 | 2 (2.0) | 3 (3.6) |
| Yes | 171 (93.0) | 93 (93.0) | 78 (92.9) |
†
History of a chronic condition included the conditions listed as well as cancer and epilepsy. The counts by case/control status for cancer and epilepsy were suppressed due to small sizes.
‡
Obesity defined as a pre-pregnancy body mass index (weight in kg/height in meters2) of 30 or more.
§
For these women, we relied on the delivery record or records from later in pregnancy to obtain information on early pregnancy medication use.