Table 2.
Agreement between self-reported medication use and prenatal medical record, Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS (BD-STEPS), 2018 (n=184).
| Both | Self-reported only | Medical record only | Self-reported prevalence n (%) | Medical record prevalence n (%) | % agreement | Kappa coefficient (95% CI) | Interpretation† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medication Use Groups ‡ | ||||||||
| Used episodically | 29 | 17 | 28 | 46 (25.0) | 57 (31.0) | 75.5 | 0.40 (0.25, 0.54) | Fair |
| Used chronically | 24 | 10 | 3 | 34 (18.5) | 27 (14.7) | 92.9 | 0.75 (0.61, 0.88) | Substantial |
| Therapeutic Class | ||||||||
| Antidiabetics | 5 | 3 | 3 | 8 (4.3) | 8 (4.3) | 96.7 | 0.61 (0.32, 0.90) | Substantial |
| Antiemetics | 11 | 2 | 11 | 13 (7.1) | 22 (12.0) | 92.9 | 0.59 (0.39, 0.79) | Moderate |
| Antiepileptics | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 (1.6) | 3 (1.6) | 98.9 | 0.66 (0.22, 1.00) | Substantial |
| Antihypertensives | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 (1.6) | 3 (1.6) | 100.0 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | Perfect |
| Anti-infectives | 13 | 11 | 23 | 24 (13.0) | 36 (19.6) | 81.5 | 0.33 (0.15, 0.50) | Fair |
| Asthma medications | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 (3.3) | 7 (3.8) | 95.1 | 0.28 (0.00, 0.62) | Fair |
| Fertility-related medications | 9 | 8 | 9 | 17 (9.3) | 18 (9.8) | 90.8 | 0.46 (0.25, 0.68) | Moderate |
| Migraine medications | 2 | 4 | 1 | 6 (3.3) | 3 (1.6) | 97.3 | 0.43 (0.02, 0.84) | Moderate |
| Opioid analgesics | 1 | 4 | 3 | 5 (2.7) | 4 (2.2) | 96.2 | 0.20 (0.00, 0.57) | Slight |
| Psychotherapeutics | 9 | 3 | 0 | 12 (6.5) | 9 (4.9) | 98.4 | 0.85 (0.68, 1.00) | Almost perfect |
| Sleep aid medications | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 100.0 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | Perfect |
| Thyroid medications | 8 | 1 | 1 | 9 (4.9) | 9 (4.9) | 98.9 | 0.88 (0.72, 1.00) | Almost perfect |
Abbreviations. MR= medical record; CI=confidence interval.
†
Agreement interpretation categories outlined by Landis and Koch.
‡
Episodic use includes antiemetics, anti-infectives, migraine medications, opioid analgesics, sleep aid medications and other medications not in a therapeutic group but are used for a short duration (for example, prednisone for an allergic reaction). Chronic use includes antidiabetics, antiepileptics, antihypertensives, psychotherapeutics, thyroid medications, and other medications not in a therapeutic group that are used chronically (for example, simvastatin).