Table 2.
Cox proportional hazard model analysis for overall survival
| Variables | Univariate |
Multivariate |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazards ratio | 95% Confidence interval | P value | Hazards ratio | 95% Confidence interval | P value | |
| Sex (male versus female) | 0.79 | 0.41-1.51 | 0.48 | |||
| Age (≥65 versus <65 years) | 1.33 | 0.71-2.49 | 0.38 | |||
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (≥1 versus 0) | 2.94 | 1.57-5.52 | <0.01 | 2.33 | 1.08-5.00 | 0.03 |
| Dysphagia score | ||||||
| 0 | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — |
| 1-2 | 2.33 | 1.12-4.86 | 0.02 | 1.88 | 0.81-4.36 | 0.14 |
| 3-4 | 4.29 | 1.99-9.27 | <0.01 | 2.97 | 1.17-7.53 | 0.02 |
| Smoking history (any tobacco product, including cigarettes, cigars, or pipes) | ||||||
| Never smoker | Reference | — | — | |||
| Ex-smoker | 1.02 | 047-2.22 | 0.97 | |||
| Current smoker | 1.06 | 052-2.18 | 0.87 | |||
| Tumor location | ||||||
| Cervical esophagus/upper thoracic esophagus | Reference | — | — | |||
| Middle thoracic esophagus | 1.29 | 0.63-2.66 | 0.48 | |||
| Lower thoracic esophagus/esophagogastric junction | 1.09 | 0.50-2.37 | 0.83 | |||
| Metastasis (metachronous versus synchronous) | 0.74 | 0.35-1.56 | 0.43 | |||
| Recurrence (distant versus locoregional) | 5.43 × 108 | 0-not reached | 1 | |||
| Prior esophagectomy (yes versus no) | 0.81 | 0.39-1.65 | 0.56 | |||
| Prior radiotherapy (yes versus no) | 0.74 | 0.40-1.38 | 0.35 | |||
| Programmed death-ligand 1 tumor proportion score (≥1% versus <1%) | 0.95 | 0.36-2.47 | 0.92 | |||
| Liver metastasis (yes versus no) | 3.76 | 1.83-7.72 | <0.01 | 2.90 | 1.18-7.10 | 0.02 |
| Lung metastasis (yes versus no) | 1.05 | 0.54-2.04 | 0.88 | |||
| Peritoneal metastasis (yes versus no) | 2.69 | 0.93-7.75 | 0.07 | |||
| Lymph node metastasis (yes versus no) | 0.93 | 0.36-2.38 | 0.88 | |||
| Number of metastasis | ||||||
| 0 | Reference | — | — | |||
| 1 | 0.30 | 0.07-1.38 | 0.12 | |||
| ≥2 | 0.70 | 0.16-2.95 | 0.63 | |||
| Treatment regimen (immune checkpoint inhibitor + chemotherapy versus nivolumab plus ipilimumab) | 1.17 | 0.58-2.38 | 0.66 | |||
| Immune checkpoint inhibitor agent (pembrolizumab versus nivolumab) | 1.09 | 0.55-2.15 | 0.80 | |||
| Early tumor shrinkage (yes versus no) | 0.21 | 0.07-0.60 | <0.01 | 0.34 | 0.11-0.88 | 0.04 |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (≥ median 4.4 versus < median 4.4) | 1.70 | 0.91-3.16 | 0.10 | — | — | — |