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. 2026 Jan 6;16(1):93. doi: 10.3390/biom16010093
ALDH1 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
CDK4/6i CDK4/6 inhibitors
ECAR Extracellular acidification rate
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMT Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
ER+ Estrogen receptor-positive
FBS Fetal bovine serum
FCCP Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
GDF-15 Growth/differentiation factor 15
H&E  Hematoxylin and eosin
HMGB1 High mobility group box 1 protein
IGFBP-2 Insulin like growth factor binding protein 2
IL-1α Interleukin-1alpha
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-8 Interleukin-8
MEM Minimum Essential Medium
MiDAS Mitochondrial dysfunction associated senescence
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B
OCR Oxygen consumption rate
OXPHOS Oxidative phosphorylation
PAI-1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PDGF-AA Platelet-derived growth factor AA
RANTES Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted
SA-β-Gal Senescence-associated β-galactosidase
SASP Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SDS-PAGE Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
TIS Therapy-induced senescence
TMRE Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
2PR Palbociclib-resistant LCC2 subline
9PR Palbociclib-resistant LCC9 subline
TPR Palbociclib-resistant T47D subline
2AR Abemaciclib-resistant LCC2 subline
9AR Abemaciclib-resistant LCC9 subline
TAR Abemaciclib-resistant T47D subline