| LBP | Low Back Pain |
| IDD | Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| US | United States |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| ODI | Oswestry Disability Index |
| VAS | Visual Analogue Scale |
| NRS | Numeric Rating Scale |
| HRT | Hormonal Replacement Therapy |
| BMD | Bone Mineral Density |
| LSS | Lumbar Spinal Stenosis |
| ALP | Bone Formation Marker |
| u-NTx | Bone Resorption Marker |
| IL6 | Interleukin-6 |
| CRP | C-reactive Protein |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| LH | Luteinizing Hormone |
| FSH | Follicle-stimulating Hormone |
| VCD | 4-Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide |