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. 2025 Dec 22;16(1):20. doi: 10.3390/biom16010020
ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme
ARBs Angiotensin II receptor blockers
AT1R Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor
ECF Extracellular fluid
GI Gastrointestinal
RAAS Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone system
Ang 1–7 Angiotensin 1–7
Ang 1–9 Angiotensin 1–9
ALA Alamandine
AGT Angiotensinogen
Ang I Angiotensin I
Ang II Angiotensin II
Ang III Angiotensin III
Ang IV Angiotensin IV
ACE1 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Type 1
AT2R Angiotensin II Type 2 receptor
MRs Mineralocorticoid receptors
ROS Reactive oxygen species
AP-A Aminopeptidase-A
AP-N Aminopeptidase-N
IRAP Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase
RAS Renin–Angiotensin system
Ang A Angiotensin A
NEP Neprilysin
MasR MAS proto-oncogene receptors
ACE2 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Type II
GPCRs G protein-coupled receptors
PLC Phospholipase C
PKC Protein kinase C
ECLs Extracellular loops
TMDs Transmembrane domains
IP3 Inositol trisphosphate
PDB Protein Data Bank
SAR Structure–Activity Relationship