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. 2026 Jan 8;15(2):110. doi: 10.3390/cells15020110
ABCG2 ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2
Amyloid β
ACC Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
AD Alzheimer’s disease
ADORA Adenosine receptor
ALI Acute lung injury
ALT Alanine aminotransferase
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
aP2 Adipocyte protein 2
ARE Antioxidant responsive element
ARG1 Arginase 1
ASC Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD
BACH1 BTB and CNC homology 1
BACE1 Beta-secretase 1
BAX BCL2-associated X
BCL2 B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein
BMAL1 Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1
BSA Bovine serum albumin
cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CAT Catalase
CBS Cystathionine-β-synthase
CCK8 Cell counting kit-8
CD Circular dichroism
CD68 Cluster of differentiation 68
C/EBPα CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α
cGMP Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CLOCK1 Circadian locomotor output cycles protein keput
COX2 Cyclooxygenase-2
CRE cAMP response element
CREB cAMP-response element-binding protein
CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine 10
CY Cyclophosphamide
CYP Cytochrome P450
DMM Destabilization of medial meniscus
ECM Extracellular matrix
EGFP Enhanced green fluorescent protein
EMT Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
ERα Estrogen receptor α
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
GBAC Gallbladder cancer adenocarcinoma
GPX1 Glutathione peroxidase-1
GSDMD Gasdermin D
GSK3β Glycogen synthase kinase 3β
GSH Glutathione
HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma
HCMECs Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells
HIF1α Hypoxia-induced factor 1 α
HMGCR HMG-CoA reductase
HMOX1 Heme oxygenase 1
HSP90α Heat shock protein 90α
HUVEC Human umbilical vein endothelial cell
IAV Influenza A virus
IBMX 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
IFNγ Interferon γ
IL Interleukin
IκBα Inhibitor of NF-κB
iNOS Inducible NO synthase
IRS Insulin receptor substrate
JAK2 Janus kinase 2
JNK JUN N-terminal kinase
kdrl Kinase insert domain receptor-like
LC3 Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3
LEF1 Lymphatic enhancing factor 1
LKB1 Liver kinase B1
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
LUAD Lung adenocarcinoma
miR MicroRNA
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCP1 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MDA Malondialdehyde
MKK6 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6
MoA Mode of action
MMP Matrix metalloproteinase
mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin
MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
MyD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
MYOD Myoblast determination
NAC N-acetyl cysteine
NF-κB Nuclear factor κB-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein
NO Nitric oxide;
NQO1 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
NRF2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer
OA Osteoarthritis
OGD/R Oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion
PA Palmitate
PARP Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
PDLCs Periodontal ligament cells
PE Phenylephrine
PF Pulmonary fibrosis
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKA Protein kinase A
PMFs Polymethoxylated flavones
PPARγ Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog
ROR Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SERPINA3 Serpin family A member 3
sGC Soluble guanylate cyclase
SIRT1 Sirtuin 1
SLCO1B1 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member
SOD Superoxide dismutase
SPR Surface plasmon resonance
SREBP1c Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
SREBP2 Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
STAT Signal transducer and activator of transcription
Target ID Target identification
TBHP Tert-butyl hydroperoxide
TCF1 T-cell factor 1
TCF3 Transcription factor 3
TCF7 Transcription factor 3
TCF7L1 Transcription factor 7 like 1
TG Triglyceride
TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4
TNBS 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid
TNFα Tumor necrosis factor-α
TRX1 Thioredoxin 1
TXNIP Thioredoxin-interacting protein
ULK1 Unc-51-like kinase 1
UTR Untranslated region
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFR VEGF receptor;
WNT Wingless and Int-1