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. 2026 Jan 20;15(2):195. doi: 10.3390/cells15020195
ACO Aconitase
CD Cluster of differentiation
CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
DTT Dithiothreitol
EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
FAS Fatty acid synthase
FoxP3 Transcriptional factor forkhead box P3
G6P Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GLUT Glucose transporter
GMP Good manufacturing practice
HC Healthy control
HX Hexokinase
IDH Isocitric dehydrogenase
IL Interleukin
LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MFI Mean fluorescence activity
mTOR Mechanistic target of rapamycin
NAD Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADH Reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADP Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NADPH Reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
PBMC Peripheral mononuclear blood cell
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
PD-1 Programmed cell death receptor 1
PDL1 Ligand for protein cell death protein 1
T1D Type 1 diabetes
Tconv T conventional cells/T effector cells
TCR T cell receptor
TIGIT T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains
Treg T regulatory cell