ACC	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2
AF	Atrial fibrillation
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BCAA(s)	Branched-chain amino acid(s)
BCKA(s)	Branched-chain α-keto acid(s)
BCKDH	Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
BDH1	β-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1
BNP	B-type natriuretic peptide
BHB	β-Hydroxybutyrate
CA125	Carbohydrate antigen 125
CACT	Carnitine–acylcarnitine translocase
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CITP	Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen
CPT1/2	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1/2
Cys-C	Cystatin C
EAT	Epicardial adipose tissue
ECM	Extracellular matrix
FDG	Fluorodeoxyglucose
GLP-1 RA	Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
GLUT1/4	Glucose transporter 1/4
HFrEF	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HOMA-IR	Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
IDH	Isocitrate dehydrogenase
LCAC(s)	Long-chain acylcarnitine(s)
LCFA(s)	Long-chain fatty acid(s)
LVEF	Left ventricular ejection fraction
MCT1/4	Monocarboxylate transporter-1/4
MR-proADM	Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin
mETC	Mitochondrial electron transport chain
mTORC1	Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
NO	Nitric oxide
NT-proBNP	N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide
PCr	Phosphocreatine
PCr/ATP	Phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio
PDH	Pyruvate dehydrogenase
PDK	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α
PKG	Protein kinase G
RAAS	Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCOT	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase
SERCA2a	Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a
SGLT2	Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2
SIRT3/5	Sirtuin-3/5
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid
TFAM	Mitochondrial transcription factor A
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
uACR	Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
VLDL	Very-low-density lipoprotein