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. 2026 Jan 7;15(2):471. doi: 10.3390/jcm15020471
NT-RCTT Non-traumatic rotator cuff tendinopathy/tear
rESWT Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy
PTMs Physical therapy modalities
ASES American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons
VAS Visual analogue scale
RCT Randomized controlled trial
ROM Range of motion
ST Supraspinatus tendon
AHD Acromiohumeral distance
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
AAOS American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
ESWT Extracorporeal shock wave therapy
fESWT Focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy
BMI Body mass index
ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register
mITT modified Intention-To-Treat
rESWs Radial extracorporeal shock waves
EFD+ Positive energy flux density
PJM Passive joint motion
MCID Minimal clinically important difference
BL Baseline
W6 Week 6 post-baseline
W12 Week 12 post-baseline
REML Restricted maximum likelihood (estimation)
SMDs Standardized mean differences
CONSORT Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
Min Minimum
25% 25% percentile
75% 75% percentile
SD Standard deviation
95% CI of diff. 95% confidence interval of mean difference
a Affected side
c Contralateral (unaffected) side
DF Degrees of freedom
SE Standard error
α Significance level
IL Interleukin
MMP Matrix metalloproteinase
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-B
EBR Exercise-based rehabilitation